Over the years, the American perspective towards affirmative action has fluctuated dramatically. ... In Source A, the drop in African Americans who are being admitted to California colleges is shown. The numbers are stated: "African American freshmen at UCLA dropped from 7.1% of the class in 1995 to 3.6% in 2012. At UC Berkeley, African Americans made up 6.3% of freshmen in 1995 and 3.4% last fall. " This drop in enrollment of African Americans at California state colleges may be due in part to Proposition 209, passed as a law in 1996, which eliminates affirmative action measures in Calif...

• Word Count: 1270
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Does it still exist in America? ... For hundreds of years, African-Americans have been discriminated against only because of the color of their skin. ... The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and other constitutional amendments that followed changed the legal status of African-Americans. ... For decades, the absence of adequate laws permitted discrimination against African-Americans in employment, housing, public accommodations, and voting. ... Board of Education that intentional segregation of African-Americans was ruled unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment. ...

• Word Count: 1254
• Approx Pages: 5

One idea behind affirmative action is that it compensates for the huge disadvantage African American people have in America, which is that their entire culture is rooted in slavery and for most of their history here, they did not have basic rights. ... Meanwhile, 12 African-Americans in the same range of qualifications applied for admission and all 12 were admitted" (Grutter 382). In this situation, it seems that the upside" of being African American appeared to outweigh the "plus " of being Hispanic. ... As Gary Becker, a professor of economics at the University of Chicago, puts it, "I am not...

• Word Count: 2129
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the past, African Americans were consistently seen as less capable then their white counterparts. It took affirmative action to allow African Americans to opportunity to show that they were just as strong as their white co-workers once given the rightful opportunity. ... The United States was plagued with intense oppression to blacks, Native Americans, females and other minorities for many centuries when the United States was founded. These groups were forced in to many hours of unpaid labor, brutal abusive treatment, and deprived of their natural rights, which fundamentally makes up Ameri...

• Word Count: 1464
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Her book is a startling depiction of what it was like to grow up a poor, southern African American. ... But how much has African American life changed since then? ... The Civil Rights Act of 1964 included the right of African Americans to vote. ... African Americans earn the lowest annual income among racial groups in the United States today. ... These are just a few examples that display the social inequalities in regard to African Americans. ...

• Word Count: 1470
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

King witnessed the discrimination African Americans endured. ... King saw the discriminatory and unjust treatment of African Americans. He also took note of the unfair laws that were being enforced upon the African Americans. ... These unjust laws further enhance the malicious treatment of African Americans. ... Women and African Americans have been discriminated against. ...

• Word Count: 1281
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

The Late 19the and Early 20th Century America began to deal with the inequities and lack of justice for mean of African decent in the 1800s. ... Other Historians cite that Lincoln had no choice but to free the slaves in hoes of African American men joining the losing forces of the North during the civil war. ... As such, once again there was a need to clarify the rights of Americans. ... The effects of Affirmative Action on Women, African Americans and the Disabled The enduring effect s of historical oppression include the losses of adequate education and honorable employment that has haunted ...

• Word Count: 1643
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This leaves African Americans in a perpetual state of disadvantage. ... African Americans are on the very land that they were beaten, persecuted, and discriminated. ... The African American tester in each pair received no job referrals. ... When an African American tester applied for the position, she got an interview, but nothing else. ... • Finally, a male African American tester went to a car dealership in order to get a job. ...

• Word Count: 1479
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Constitution was conceived at a time when women were not represented by government, and African Americans had no political input. ... Today, America is a political leader. ... People want to know whom to blame when there is a problem in America. ... The biggest concern facing eighteenth century America was political privilege;! today it is equal opportunities for African Americans and women, as well as many special interest groups (such as homosexuals). ...

• Word Count: 1575
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

What if an African American wanted to join a traditionally white fraternity or sorority or vise versa? ... One member was outraged and concerned when an African-American membership candidatewas discussed separately from other potential members? ... Why then was this African-American girl being punished and viewed with conviction because her actions were different from the beliefs of so many? ... I know of an African American male, named Kevin, who wanted to join a predominantly white fraternity, but unfortunately he was turned down. ... If Kevin would have been accepted he would have been the ...

• Word Count: 1292
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Affirmative action has been a major issue in America since its beginning. ... "Such programs are...intended to compensate for the persistence of past wrongs in the present by desegregating American institutions and altering the opportunity and outcome structures in American society," [Hud99]. ... Since the 1950s, the female-to-male earnings gap has hovered around 60%: in 2001, for every dollar earned by a white man, white women earned 73 cents, African American women 63 cents, and Latinas 53 cents. ... These studies suggest that standardized test scores are unintentionally biased ...

• Word Count: 1760
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The number is 42, and it belongs to the first African-American to play Major League Baseball, Jackie Robinson. ... Today, some of the most significant records in all of baseball are held by African-Americans. ... The legendary high school head football coach was replaced by an African-American. ... The African-American players and coaches had a figure that they could go to with any problems and controversies that they might have, and so did the white players and coaches. ... The star linebacker, Gary, forced the white members of the team to play their best, despite their feelings of the Af...

• Word Count: 1266
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

In 1991 Diane sawyer with ABC-TV filmed two men, one African American and the other one white, who were matched for age, appearance, education, and other qualities. ... The white man received service in stores while the African American was ignored, or in some cases, watched closely. ... There were jobs where the African American was turned down, and apartments for rent that he African American man was told they were no longer available. A police car passed the white man while he was walking down the street but it slowed down and took note of the African American, (Horne 1992, 40) The fact...

• Word Count: 1454
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Linda Chavez, the head of the Center for Equal Opportunity, conducted a study on universities accepting African Americans instead of not only Caucasians but all other minorities, accepting African Americans not for their intellectual excellence or merit but the color of their skin. The study concluded that African Americans with above average scores on law school admissions test were 730 times more likely to be accepted than an equally qualified Caucasian student at Virginias School of Law (Washington 3). ... For the points that they give to African Americans and Latinos, Caucasians receive ...

• Word Count: 1282
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

For example, in California when an affirmative action policy was dropped at a law school, admission of African Americans to the law school plummeted (Konrad, 443). ... However, the majority of the support deals with African Americans. ... The support for this lies in the lop-sided SAT scores, because, according to the SAT test results, "on average, black Americans are significantly less intelligent than whites" (Feagin, 244). ... It has been estimated that the number of African American students admitted to law schools would be cut in half if affirmative action in law school admissions was...

• Word Count: 1660
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Even in 1969 affirmative action was nothing new, in 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled on Brown versus Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas the African American community had legal restraints removed that had long kept them at a distinct disadvantage. ... A common complaint surrounding affirmative action policies aimed at serving minorities, specifically African Americans, is that they violate the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution by depriving white males of equal protection under the law (Greenberg 100). ... This use of affirmative action not only hurts the general American public, but...

• Word Count: 2038
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Even in 1969 affirmative action was nothing new, in 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled on Brown versus Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas the African American community had legal restraints removed that had long kept them at a distinct disadvantage. ... A common complaint surrounding affirmative action policies aimed at serving minorities, specifically African Americans, is that they violate the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution by depriving white males of equal protection under the law (Greenberg 100). ... This use of affirmative action not only hurts the general American public, but...

• Word Count: 2038
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

I surveyed five different races: African American, Latino, Caucasian, Asian American, Middle Eastern, and Indian. I surveyed twenty five percent African Americans, twenty five percent Caucasians, fifteen percent Asian Americans, twenty percent Latinos and fifteen percent were of other races. ... Providing equal opportunity and access to minority students at major universities, especially in areas that demand a high level of skill, are a major component of the plan to equalize in America's labor field. ... African Americans have skills just like whites and the ability to further them to...

• Word Count: 2239
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

Racism People see racism everyday across America. ... Can we get a hold on racism throughout America or will we self-destruct in our own hate? ... At the time she was tired of the treatment her and fellow African-Americans were getting. ... That's one of the main reasons racism is very bad across America. ... Hate in America is getting worse and worse everyday. ...

• Word Count: 1961
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

Many ethnic minorities, such as blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans, wouldn't have been in college if it hadn't been for the affirmative action plan.. ... Affirmative action originally began in the United States to remedy the past discrimination against minorities, particularly African-Americans. ... Eventually, these laws expanded to incorporate women and other ethnic minorities including American Indians and Hispanics. ... In colleges across the country, African-Americans and Hispanics are being admitted at the expense of Caucasians and Asians with higher standardized test s...

• Word Count: 2072
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Squeaky illustrates how essential respect is in her life and both stories demonstrate strong references to African American culture and protest at discrimination against black people. ... She has a right not to sing the songs because it is against her race as it was un-respectful as a black American to sing these songs because they are discriminating against her own race. ...

• Word Count: 2209
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

A 1995 report released by the university said that "9.7 percent of all applicants were African-Americans. Of these 9.7 percent accepted, 0.8 percent of these African-American students were accepted on academic merit alone. ... Thus the number of African-American students accepted because of non-academic circumstances was approximately sixty times greater than that of their white counterparts. ... The average grade point average for an accepted African-American student was 3.66 with an SAT score of 1030." ... In 1860, only 15% of American women were in the paid labor force. ...

• Word Count: 2152
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Raisin in the Sun In the drama, "A Raisin in the Sun- by Lorraine Hansberry, the overall theme seems to be about the never ending saga of chasing the American Dream: having everything we want and the financial stability to enjoy it. ... Almost every American has, at some point, dreamed of having something that they do not have or can not afford. ... The plot of the play seems to be divided between two subjects: an insurance check for ten thousand dollars and racial prejudices that African Americans faced during that time period. ... The play consistently touches on different aspects of c...

• Word Count: 1315
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

In the United States, prejudice has led to the lynching of blacks, bombing of synagogues, the massacre of Native Americans, the illegal imprisonment of Japanese Americans during World War II, the harassment of homosexuals, and other violent acts against minority groups. ... Since Europeans first came to America, Native Americans have been forcibly deprived of their lands and denied civil rights. ... The Americans with Disabilities act of 1990 addressed these problems on the national lever. ... Racial as in the apartheid policy that was enforced in South Africa from 1948 t0 1992; or sexual disc...

• Word Count: 1503
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Civil Rights Movement in the American South in the 1950s and 1960s was one of the most significant and successful social movements in the 20th century. Millions of African Americans fought for achieving racial equality before the law. ... African-American women took up leadership roles, as previously demonstrated by Baker and Robinson, while white college-aged women started getting involved with the SNCC, especially after Freedom Summer in 1964. ... Chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, the PCSW issued a report titled American Women in 1963, which exposed and denounced sex discrimination and outli...

• Word Count: 2185
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate