... their descendents who developed horrible diseases and malformations. The DOE's role in the HGP arose to study the genetic and health effects or potential health risks of radiation and chemical by-products of energy production. Scientists realize the best way ... to study and treat these effects were to directly study DNA, so blood samples were collected and stored for future DNA analysis. At a joint DOE and International Commission on ... one species from another. All organisms have similarities in their DNA sequences, so insights gained by non-human genomes often lead to new knowledge ...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... reductionism or materialism, in which matter is the fundamental reality and only material causes are effective. The philosopher Daniel Dennett has defended a strong neo-Darwinian position, drawing from biology, probability theory, cognitive science, and computer simulations. Evolution, he asserts, is the product of a mindless, purposeless process. He vehemently rejects all forms of intelligent design, including ... rejected all evolutionary ideas and accepted a literal interpretation of Genesis. In the 1980s the "creation science" movement put pressure on state legislatures and local sch...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... perform original research. In fact, many scientists are involved with research directly; running experiments and making observations. Although individually these scientists are engaged in many separate fields of science (e.g., Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Physics), collectively they're doing just two types or broad categories of research - basic and applied. Basic research expands the knowledge base in a field of science. It ... or "atomic weight"), and use these concepts to describe the structure of selected elements that are significant to living things. 4. Define isotope, and identi...

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• Grade Level: High School

... originated somewhere else and came to us from space. This might be possible but there is actually no supporting evidence for it. Paleontology has also played a big role in the study of evolution. Over the years, paleontologists have collected millions of fossils to make up the fossil record. The fossil record represents the preserved history of the Earth's organisms. Paleontologists have ... used as an evolutionary clock. Phylogeny is the line of evolutionary descent. Biochemistry can be used to support other evidence about revolutionary relationships, and it can be very simple. Scientist...

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... of finch might arise in only about 200 years. Darwin's original hypothesis has undergone extensive modification and expansion, but the central concepts stand firm. Studies in genetics and molecular biology, fields unknown in Darwin's time, have explained the occurrence of the hereditary variations that are essential to natural selection. Genetic variations result from changes, or mutations, in the ... and pests, the responsible organisms have been evolving to escape our controls. Moreover, scientists can perform experiments to study evolution in real time, just as experiments are used to ...

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... Venter's achievements and discoveries required a large amount of time and dedication. It is inspiring to read about a person such as Craig that puts a multitude of effort into his field of study. His efforts have positively affected the material I learned about the diagnostic domain in biotechnology. Summary J. Craig Venter is a labeled as a genomic pioneer for he was the first scientist to ... , increase agricultural foods, and treat diseases such as cancer. In this way, organisms may be custom designed to achieve such tasks mentioned before through "synthetic life", or molecular biology...

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... medicine and biochemistry (science concerned with the organic and physical chemistry) to separate, identify, and measure the amount of various proteins. Electrophoresis is an analytical method frequently used in molecular biology (study of life processes) and medicine. It is applied for the separation and characterization of proteins, nucleic acids, and sub cellular-sized particles like viruses (parasite with a noncellular structure composed ... as the staining agent, which fluoresces brightly when stimulated with short-wave UV. Gel electrophoresis is one of the staple tools in molecular ...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... medicine and biochemistry (science concerned with the organic and physical chemistry) to separate, identify, and measure the amount of various proteins. Electrophoresis is an analytical method frequently used in molecular biology (study of life processes) and medicine. It is applied for the separation and characterization of proteins, nucleic acids, and sub cellular-sized particles like viruses (parasite with a noncellular structure composed ... as the staining agent, which fluoresces brightly when stimulated with short-wave UV. Gel electrophoresis is one of the staple tools in molecular ...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... formed. These seemed to Hill 4 accumulate certain compounds inside them. They also attracted lipids and formed a lipid-protein layer around them. If you have taken biology, you know that lipids are an important part of cells (Biology book). Assuming that the microspheres combined with self-replicating molecules, the scientists were looking at a very ancient organism. This is what might have happened 3.8 billion ... later with the host cell and photosynthetic prokaryotes. This evidence explains the symbiotic theory for the origin of the four eukaryotic kingdoms, which are the Protista, F...

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... and evaluate genetic information" (webmd.com) There are definite up sides to this as well as down sides. In the book, Essentials to biology, it states "Arthur Lee Whitfield has served 22 years of a 63-year sentence for rape when he was notified that he had gained ... health effects of BPA on the brain, behavior, and prostate glands in fetuses, infants, and children" (mayoclinic.org). The book, Essentials of Biology, as states that "Studies have found BPA responsible for enlarged female reproductive organs in mice kept in polycarbonate cages; follow-up studies indicated that ... (Essenti...

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Hantavirus: A Four Corners Study When a new virus appeared in the Four Corners region, American scientists were stumped. What was causing such a quick death to such healthy people? Was there a potential epidemic on their hands? ... spread easily from boat to new land through trade. When rats were tested in various harbors throughout the United States, the Seoul virus, a form of hantavirus, was found. In 1982, a study in Baltimore tested local rats and found that every rat over the age of two had the virus in their system (Garrett 539). Then individuals from two STD clinical-hospitals ... fr...

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... our personal history or from convergence of these? Is it for that matter a choice rather than a compulsion? Chances are no one factor or study can alone explicate and clarify the human sexual orientation. However, there are evidences that prove being gay is not a choice. The nature of homosexuality ... instance, if there is a male rat has a injury medial preoptic area, he apparently couldn't indifferent to sex with another female. From the study of Gorski and his co-workers, we now know the androgen is the typical male hormone and the estrogen is the female hormone played a major ... the...

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... our personal history or from convergence of these? Is it for that matter a choice rather than a compulsion? Chances are no one factor or study can alone explicate and clarify the human sexual orientation. However, there are evidences that prove being gay is not a choice. The nature of homosexuality ... instance, if there is a male rat has a injury medial preoptic area, he apparently couldn't indifferent to sex with another female. From the study of Gorski and his co-workers, we now know the androgen is the typical male hormone and the estrogen is the female hormone played a major ... the...

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... by the completion of the project, scientists will be able to diagnose, treat, and prevent many ailments the plague our world today. This would also help us to understand human biology even better then we do now. With the completion of the Human Genome Project, many issues will arise. Some of these issues would be ethical, legal, and social. Knowing a persons ... glance about genetically engineering my children. I don't believe anyone should do that. However, I do believe that the Human Genome Project should be completed because it would help us with understanding biology better. Genetic...

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... . Finally they make their choice and nine months later they rejoice in the birth of the child of their choosing. This is a projection of what Lee Silver, a professor of molecular biology at Princeton university in New Jersey, believes may occur in the decades ahead. He based his ideas on existing research and technology. Already, human embryos can be screened for certain ... others "undesirables" were exterminated under the guise of eugenics. Because of the barbarism of the Nazi era, eugenics took on an ugly connotation, and many hoped that this field of study had been laid to rest, buri...

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... information on how earthquakes happened, the formation of volcanoes, mountains and plate tectonics. Dr. Jim Luken spoke on three paradigm shifts from the mid 1600's to present. The first was a biology paradigm shift in the mid 1600's, which was the microscope. He also mentioned that science was dependent on human perception. The second was in the 1950's where Watson and Crick ... presented the DNA molecule. The third and final was the molecular biology shift in 1990. On the floor next was John Goodwin on the topic of Physics. His question to answer was "What part do you not understand a...

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Computers, telecommunications, and robotics may take medicine to places that are not even dreamed of. Since the early 1970's scientific discoveries have turned biology from being a disciple dedicated to the passive study of life into one that can alter life at will. "Biologist today believe that tinkering with people's genes...They will eventually be able to eliminate most of the diseases that ... will allow physicians to treat or perhaps cure the disease before it endangers the patients life. Thomas F. Lee, the author of Gene Future: The Promise and Perils of the New Biology, describe the t...

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... been working on a long-term project that will change the decisions people make about their lives and lifestyles, the way doctors practice medicine, how scientists study biology, and the way we think about ourselves as individuals. This project is called the Human Genome Project, and its main goal is to determine and configure ... understand each human doesn't seem like that big of deal, but it really does affect each and every one of us in a different way. Personally, I think this study is very disturbing. If I was to find out I had a disease that I couldn't cure, it might hurt or disrup...

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... been enhanced to form transgenic animals. The research is widely growing and becoming extremely common in labs all throughout the world. According to Easton (2002), "geneticists generally study fruit flies, roundworms, and zebra fish. Physiologists study mammals, mostly mice and rats but also rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, sheep, goats, monkeys, and chimpanzees" (p. 269). The introduction of genes into mammals was ... introduced into science in the 1970's but has recently become one of the most advanced studies in biology today. Transgenic animals have been extremely important in providing ...

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... disease and DNA correlations. Doctors one day will actually be able to proscribe personalized medications, tailored to each individual person's DNA, revolutionizing modern medicine. Through these developments in synthetic biology, we are currently able to "write" DNA. These recent advancements has given researchers and even high-school students the power to create new organisms and synthetic life. ... studying the plant's diverse effects on the body, especially on cancer cells. In the United Kingdom, one scientist has discovered that certain marijuana compounds can actually kill leukemi...

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... human race can find an alternate way to create energy to use in factories and cars. According to Brent Erickson (2012), "Biotechnology is creating a new industrial revolution based on biology instead of petroleum. As biotech processes replace old rust-belt technologies, they are enabling a transformation from a petroleum-based economy to a bio-based economy." (Cooley, 2014) The U.S. department of ... largely sequenced. With the DNA that has been sequenced and the stem cell technology projects, scientist could recreate the woolly mammoth. This part of biotechnology is very useful in the...

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Genetics is the study of genes. Genes are small pieces of biochemical inside cells. When a couple has children the child will receive a mixture of genetics from both the mother and father. There are tens ... . Each human seems to be a mixture of traits. Some can be recognized in members of the family, while others seem to be new. Genetics is a branch off of biology. It includes the study of heredity, which is how offspring resemble their parents outwardly as well as in their blood types and other physical characters. Genetics also tries to find how offspring differ ... from their parents whi...

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... 's. Bioinformatics can be defined as "The mathematical, statistical and computing methods that aim to solve biological problems using DNA and amino acid sequences and related information.9" A fundamental principal of biology is that the genes within each DNA cell are encoded with RNA, which produces the proteins that regulate all of the biological processes within an organism. The human body is ... Genome Organization, HUGO, has provided beneficial support in bringing together these countries to work and expand on the research together. One of HUGO's missions is "to promote the scientifi...

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... ourselves. Recently, less than two years ago, an event in genetic history changed our perspective of what we know as "Reproduction" and added to our conscience a new element to the study of Biology. This event really caught my attention. It was the birth of a unique sheep named Dolly. Dolly was a clone sheep born on February 12th 1997. Cloning is the process of ... scientific knowledge of genetics and lead us to new discoveries concerning the human body and related issues. If human cloning were to undergo technological advances, the study of health would also drastically improve. Clonin...

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... a tendency to commit motiveless crimes of property. Later studies disputed many of these findings and the significance of the XY pattern for behavioral prediction is today in doubt. Biocriminology is a study which has been able to link violet or disruptive behavior with certain eating habits, a deficiency in vitamins, genetics, inheritance, and some other conditions which have an effect on tissues of ... that would produce a longer lasting result. The National Academy of Science had questioned all biologically stated theories of crime and violence regarding a review of numerous studies ...

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• Grade Level: High School