... in a non-athletic club? Maybe. After the Court's ruling in Vernonia, it is unclear whether schools have the authority to make drug testing a pre-requisite to participation in school-sponsored activities. However, because the Vernonia decision relied heavily on the safety issue involved in athletics, it is possible that a school could not make a student take a drug test in order to be ... school officials to make a good effort to contact your parents if the police want to question you in school. Do I have the same rights as an adult if I'm charged with a crime? Yes. A 1967 Supreme Court ...

• Word Count: 2436
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

Capital Punishment The crime rate in the United States seems to be a big problem. Drug and convenience stores are robbed by criminals wearing ski masks and carrying guns almost every day. These hit-and-run jobs give a successful felon more and more confidence as the severity of his crimes rise. All of a sudden, an armed robbery goes bad, and this once successful small-time felon becomes a full fledged ... of self-defense for the general public. Capital punishment plays and excellent role in the act of preventing killers from committing more acts of violence. Having to hear about and possibly...

• Word Count: 750
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... that might be seen as childish but juveniles in the sense that it is insufficient and silly. Here, silly refers to the preposterous treatment of juveniles inside these institutions. Juvenile delinquency is termed as an inconsiderate behavior by a minor, especially behavior that would be unlawfully carrying a punishment, if the actor were an adult, but instead is usually penalized by special laws pertaining ... of childhood, was divided further into two categories: aetas pueritia proxima, which were ages 7 to 10 ½ and aetas pubertati proxima, which were ages 10 ½ to 14. Children in the...

• Word Count: 2997
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Act to fourteen years. In the case of Trop v. Dulles in 1958, the Supreme Court ruled that your citizenship cannot be revoked for punishment to a crime. A part of your citizenship is having the right to vote. In 1952, Justice William Brennan concluded that the law revoking citizenship is ... outcasts. They open up the unity of the country due to the disenfranchisement laws making them unable to vote. Only two states, Maine and Vermont allow convicted felons to vote during their incarceration. The number of disenfranchised citizens in the United States have been increasing substantially...

• Word Count: 1439
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

... wholly acquitted, even though the prosecution may have proven beyond reasonable doubt the defendant committed the offense. Hence, the insanity defense reflects a crime sentencing policy that that identifies there are unique situations in which the need for treatment over punishment is preferable (Butler, 2011). The premise of this theory of thought revolves around the concept that the acts of individuals who are ... 1834 the guiding principles for evaluating defendants claiming mental illness to exculpate criminal responsibility were established by the British courts as the result of the...

• Word Count: 1113
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of service to the FBI ("Librarians"). Another indication of the encroachment of the government on civil liberties can be found in Title 802 of the Patriot Act. It creates a new crime, called "domestic terrorism," which states that someone acting in a way "dangerous to human life" can be imprisoned ("Search"). This definition is so broad that almost anyone could be considered a "domestic ... that "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment be inflicted" ("USA"). Deportation without due cause is surely cruel and unusual punishment a...

• Word Count: 2045
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... protects the right of each individual to keep, and bear arms, to defend our property, and most importantly ourselves. However, guns haven't always been used to protect people. The fight started when criminals turned to guns to act out criminal activities. Anti-gun activists claim guns only lead to ... in 1981. Advocates of the Brady Act used the attempt to advance for gun control legislation, demanding that it would save lives and lower crime rate. They claimed that the background check in the Brady Act would not have prohibited Hinckley from legally purchasing the handgun used in ... ...

• Word Count: 2456
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of the U.S. Constitution which has so far definitely kept the presidents in check. Amendment eight in the Constitution "requires that every punishment imposed by the government be commensurate with the offense committed by the defendant" (Eight Amendment) and a similar statement in clause 20 of the Magna Carta says "A freeman shall be amerced for a small offence only according to the ... degree of the offence" (VI. Elaboration, VI.A. Magna Carta), in both documents this basically means that the punishment a person receives needs to match the crime. For example, let's say a man had not ....

• Word Count: 782
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... in jail. Section 2703 of USC Title 18 is the section that instructs Internet Service Providers to keep a back-up record of your activities on-line with a court order from a government entity. Then after the government notifies the individual in question, the material is either used ... the Child Online Protection Act or COPA. In March of 1998, the Child Online Protection Act was proposed to make it a federal crime for "Whoever, in interstate or foreign commerce, by means of the World Wide Web, knowingly makes any communication for commercial purposes that ... material by minors pursuan...

• Word Count: 1060
• Approx Pages: 4

... there is insufficient evidence to proceed. • After time is served or parole granted. Arrest • Arrest takes place when a person suspected of a crime is taken into custody • An arrest is considered a "seizure" under the 4th amendment and the constitution requires that seizures be reasonable. Taken into Custody A person may be taken into custody in one of two ways" 1. By arrest ... ; Generally a police officer but may be a victim or witness • The requestor must describe and swear to the facts and circumstances of the alleged crime. • If, on the basis of the information provided, t...

• Word Count: 468
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted ... with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and ... he acknowledged the rights of trial he was waiving, the consequences stemming from his plea, and the presumed range of his punishment. The Solicitor General argues that the plea was knowing and intel...

• Word Count: 2414
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... been favorably disposed toward capital punishment for convicted murderers, and that support continues to grow. In a 1981 Gallup Poll, two-thirds of Americans voiced general approval of the death penalty. That support rose to 72 percent in 1985, to 76 percent in 1991, and to 80 percent in 1994 ... . Although these poll results need to be interpreted with extreme caution, it is clear that there are few issues on which more Americans agree: in at least some circumstances, death is seen as a justifiable punishment for the worst sorts ... of criminal homicides. Appeals Death row inmates are ...

• Word Count: 808
• Approx Pages: 3

... criminals are going to carry concealed weapons even if the law states that they cannot be carried. A criminal is someone who has committed a crime or is committing a crime. They are usually, in most cases, bad people that do not follow the rules. With this view in mind, "Criminals carry ... and the government should not impede the ability of responsible adults to defend themselves". With the number of citizens increasing at an astronomical rate, the police are becoming overwhelmed. It gets more difficult for a cop to do his job every day. Police officers cannot continue to be the only on...

• Word Count: 1478
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... want to perceive. If the constitution is written so broadly and so general, then the people will interpret the meanings in different ways. The authors use two amendments to describe the overall broadness of the constitution. The eighth amendment describes cruel and unusual punishment, yet it does not give examples of cruel and unusual punishment, so it is up to the reader to determine what ... is cruel and unusual and what is not. The other amendment described was the fourteenth. The fourteenth amendment describes the privileges ... and immunities of citizens, but gives no list of priv...

• Word Count: 375
• Approx Pages: 2

... gun possession in the world. It is rated as one of the prominent nations with the highest number of individuals owning and keeping guns. The government should not strengthen gun control laws because it will not guarantee national security, reduce crime rate, or violate the constitution. There have been reports released, to shows the amount of guns owned by Americans However, According ... illegal arms on the black market. At the same time, since it will be difficult for an individual to bear and keep a gun, responsible citizens may resort to sell their arms to criminals; a move that wil...

• Word Count: 2270
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with 15.1%. Many argue that these statistics prove the effectiveness of gun control. Fewer amounts of guns equal less crime. Though the arguments seem to have good, empirical statistics, they are actually riddled with holes. Kellermann and Reay's 43-1 Statistic is nowhere near exhaustive and made significant assumptions that should not have been made. For one, the statistic recorded the crimes with deaths ... participated, though indirectly, in the death of the victim. A strong argument against gun control deals with the contrasting relationship of laws to citizens and criminals. If gun...

• Word Count: 1951
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... The student authors filed a lawsuit to protest the removal of these articles that eventually ended up in the Supreme Court. The Court ruled that school officials may control school-sponsored activities, such as school-sponsored newspapers or plays, that are part of the curriculum. They stated that school officials can prohibit articles that are "ungrammatical, poorly written, inadequately researched, ... guaranteed by the Constitution. In Santa Fe ISD v. Doe, a student would deliver a prayer over the school's public address system prior to every varsity home football game. Mormon and Cat...

• Word Count: 1639
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... than upper class Americans who can afford the tax increasing. This leave larger amount of middle class man struggling to pay back school loans and support their family with the high amount of taxes they have to pay. I strongly agree with the Democratic party in this law they trying ... to pass, this should be a natural law. There are many political beliefs that I simple do disagree with, and fine if they don't get passed. One is the Republican view of portions, I personally disagree with their view because for one I believe not everyone ... up in foster care a year. 1.14 million kids e...

• Word Count: 724
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... police to respect the rights of people that are being questioned; this is the right to remain silent. Officers must make them aware of their rights and allow them to understand that they can refuse to talk. This rule is about to be reconsidered because of the case of a farm worker, by ... a brief encounter with the police. This man was thought out by the police to be a drug dealer. When he was patted down by the police, and a knife was taken from him he began to run. When the Martinez was finally tacked by the police he began to struggle, revealing the other huge ... . This caused the p...

• Word Count: 304
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: High School

... conservatism. Yet, little did they know that this Prohibition amendment of the 1920's would be ineffective because it was nearly impossible to enforce. It caused an explosive growth of crime and it actually increased the amount of alcohol consumption. During Prohibition, the United States experienced a period of law injustice; the court appeared to distinguish between rich ... Americans wanted Prohibition to remain forever, it just couldn't be done. The repeal of the 18th amendment, the 21st amendment passed on December 5,1933. This change dramatically reduced crime, including organized...

• Word Count: 919
• Approx Pages: 4

... that foreigners that seemed dangerous to the country can be removed on the order of the president. Pickering had reasons for defending the Alien Act and concerns about it. It was the same way for the Sedition Act as well, which stated that people would not be allowed to falsely accuse ... of being the greatest country in the world. This law was intended against those foreigners that are hostile to this country, and it allows the president to further the safety and protection of America. He also says that is absurd to believe that the Constitution is violated in any way by this ... law. F...

• Word Count: 457
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... of a search constitutes an interference of a person's right to privacy, as well as, a constitutional condition against any unreasonable search and seizure. When there is a violation by law enforcement of constitutional protection, then the action would be inadmissibility in court for any evidence ... when there is collection of the facts and when it is put all together indicates that a crime in fact was committed, but it is not considered direct evidence. An officer can use their knowledge and expertise to gather any evidence such as ... depicting gang graffiti which can determine the c...

• Word Count: 1726
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... "the private data of between 18,000 and 19,000 users" was given to the NSA and FBI in 2012 (Stray part.3). The third is "the raw Internet traffic" (Stray par.4). The NSA's experts can see internet activities such as searching information, files sent, online ... NSA's actions are managed by "all three branches of the federal government and reviewed regularly by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court" (Miller par.5). The NSA recorded all phone calls to limit terrorist activities, not to eavesdrop on calls. The President emphasizes that people "can't ... have 100 percent security and a...

• Word Count: 834
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... peace to society yet again. Ever since the adolescent years of the American nation, guns have been used among the people as means for protection and hunting. The twenty-first century, however, has brought a steady rise in crime within society, which has escalated the debate over gun legislation. As stated before, the Second Amendment granted the right of a qualified citizen to own ... concealed weapons bill would infringe upon their right to bear arms in the Second Amendment. Though this may be true, the Conservatives need to study the alarming facts over guns and realize a government m...

• Word Count: 1122
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... probable cause or without a search warrant, should be excluded from criminal trials. The exclusionary rule was adopted to prevent abuses by the police and other government officials. The logic followed that if police understand that evidence seized in a manner that violates any of the provisions of the Fourth ... the 1961 landmark case of Mapp v. Ohio, the U.S. Supreme Court expanded the rights of the accused by applying the exclusionary rule to both federal and state criminal trials. Ms. Mapp had been sentenced to a year in jail for possessing pornographic materials seized in a search ...

• Word Count: 1443
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate