... summons. Others may include giving someone a break because they presented a P.B.A or F.O.P card, or if the law-breaker happens to be attractive and persuasive. However, there are other kinds of selective enforcement. It is important to understand that punishment and an officers" discretion should not be determined by race, age, gender, or ethnic background. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Today ... how can it be constitutionally legal to search a woman simply because she portrayed the characteristics of a drug dealer. In a situation such as this, it is difficult to choose a s...

• Word Count: 1519
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... political commitment of all actors towards the strategy. As Myanmar open its door and start engaging with the international community, it drug problems are put under international spot light. The Myanmar drug policy that is law enforcement oriented and supply side reduction is not working; even though thousands of acres of opium field were eradicated each year and ... community for aid: To receive donation from International community there should be a clear policy stating what are the goals and aims of Myanmar government concerning drug problems and strategies to achieve them. 6. Capaci...

• Word Count: 1844
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... appearances of individuals. Lombroso influenced the academic stance on physical appearance being associated with behavior; in this case, criminality (Carmen, 2009, p. 666). The Drug Courier Profiles were developed by the Drug Enforcement Administration in the 1980's, the public policy has been used to profile individuals based off of their appearance through this policy. Through the "Say No ... to Drugs" campaign, the Drug Enforcement Administration found it necessary to include race and ethnicity as components of profiles used to apprehend drug dealers and traffickers. Since ... the i...

• Word Count: 1975
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 30,000 people are arrested each year on charges of possession and/or distribution of marijuana. According to the Auditor General's report, this translates to $500 million for annual enforcement of drug laws, another $500 million for legal fees, and another conservative estimate of $50,000 per year for each incarcerated offender. This totals another $1.5 billion per year spent by ... Prohibition. Founded on March 16, 2002, LEAP is a non-profit organization made up of current and former members of the law enforcement and criminal justice communities who are speaking out about the failures...

• Word Count: 2108
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... City Journal Vol. 11 N.2 Titled The Myth of Racial Profiling by Heather Mac Donald. This article shows the one sidedness of reporting about racial profiling and its effect of law enforcement agencies. Mac Donald explains the two types of profiling, hard profiling and soft profiling "hard" profiling uses race as the only factor in assessing criminal suspiciousness: an officer sees a ... may be carrying drugs or weapons. "Soft" racial profiling is using race as one factor among others in gauging criminal suspiciousness: the highway police, for example, have intelligence that Jamaican drug...

• Word Count: 1639
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... recreational use in some states. Do we not see the concern? Opponents to legalization are usually law enforcement and government officials. But this must be for good reason. Law enforcement is here to make sure things continue flowing. They look for the issues and correct them. They ... legalization as a panacea that will make crime go away. They see a clear connection between drug use and crime and, perhaps more importantly, between drug use and violence"" (Hartnett 2). Reports from the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) have shown that six times as many homicides happen by people und...

• Word Count: 1902
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... . 11 attacks our nation suffered there has been increased scrutiny among people appearing to be from an Islamic, Arabic, or Middle Eastern countries, they are under greater surveillance from law enforcement and endure longer detention for immigration violations. However, the ban on racial profiling was not spurred by this event, President Bush had planned on this since before his administration began ... minority men. State officials later acknowledged the incident as a case of racial profiling. Targeting minorities as drug couriers and using race as a pretext for stops is a long standin...

• Word Count: 1515
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... COPS also have a problem-solving partnership. This helps promote collaboration between police and their communities to solve local problems "locally;" and to established unprecedented partnerships directly with local law enforcement. COPS also provide advanced and enhanced community policing. Moreover, COPS provide a responsive, cost-effective service delivery, which is important becomes it makes community policing available to most ... Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) is a program that helps teach young adults how to avoid or overcome drug problems. McGruff Safe Kids involves a dog that...

• Word Count: 2236
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography

... society as a productive and changed person. Some of these rehabilitation programs include counseling, job training, life skills training, anger management or even drug and alcohol programs. When we look at three comparable cities we can see how their crime rates in robbery, rape and murder will compare. ... quot; (Bennett, Holloway & Farrington, 2006, para. 1). These neighborhood watch programs involves the members of that community working with the local law enforcement to prevent crime by lowering the criminal activity that is happening. "The main objective of early, placed-based preve...

• Word Count: 2090
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... solving cases. The FBI Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), part of which debuted in July 1999, was developed to offer rapid suspect identification to American law enforcement agencies and organizations where criminal background histories are a critical factor in consideration for employment. Compared with longstanding paper-based methods, the system represents a quantum leap in ... accountable for outcomes. Commanders must develop tactics that are comprehensive and adaptable to changing trends. Cross-jurisdiction cooperation also is necessary, involving law e...

• Word Count: 2021
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the criminal justice system. Today, skin-color makes you a suspect in America. It makes you more likely to be stopped by a law enforcement officer, more likely to be searched, and more likely to be arrested and imprisoned. Tens of thousands of innocent motorists on highways across the country ... proportions in recent years. Fueled by the "War on Drugs", this fight has given police a pretext to target people who they think fit a "drug courier" or "gang member" profile. At many times, these minorities have been stopped and arrested for illegal offenses, however we are not sure if ... pro...

• Word Count: 1504
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... when a Maryland state trooper pulled the families rented Cadillac over for speeding. When the trooper asked to search the car and its contents, Wilkins refused. But the trooper set loose a drug-sniffing dog to comb the car's exterior, including the windshield, the hubcaps, and the taillights while Wilkins and his family stood in the rain. No drugs were found. The Wilkins ... Governor Christine Todd Whitman fired the state police superintendent; Carl Williams for saying that while he did not condone racial profiling, minorities were responsible for most of the country's illegal drug trad...

• Word Count: 1414
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... bring police officers and citizens together in neighborhoods. Second give the Police responsibility for solving problems in the community.@ (Wilson pg. 21) As stated above the new Law enforcement philosophy incorporates two elements: Community partnership and Problem solving. These two elements are the cores of the policing strategy for the future of American large communities( inner cities ) ... achieve the results promised by C.B.P. is through constant education and the application of the two elements of C.B.P. COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP means adopting a policing perspective that exceeds th...

• Word Count: 1604
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... individuals in exchange for payments or other benefits; in other words, it is a type of "modern day slavery" ("Human Trafficking"). Following close behind the drug trade industry, the smuggling of human trafficking has already surpassed the illegal arms trafficking business, and is increasing each year at astounding rates ("Facts on Human Trafficking and Sex ... courses of actions that can be taken in order to progress further and make a significant difference in the world. There is a dire need for extensive training programs in law enforcement agencies, such as the education of trafficki...

• Word Count: 2226
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... introduced community policing in 1992, in 1999, by the present commander of police it become department-wide. The department received national authorization from the commission of accreditation for law enforcement departments in 1986 (Falcone, Wells, & Weisheit, 2002). Community partnership is, created by the police in the course of community orientation problem-solving provides a ready framework for ... make police community relations positive they first have to establish an adequate correlation inside the Commonwealth. Consistent with all the components of community policing each office...

• Word Count: 2071
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... did something to them then that would be up for consideration, but not when the law is available to carry out proper justice. Now if the law enforcement or the court system does not deal with it in a just manner, then justice is due. Then they could give justice to whomever. Another modern ... circumstances make this action completely wrong. The only way a vigilante's actions can be considered right is if there was no law enforcement and justice must be carried out, or if the law enforcement did not properly justify the situation. In the case of McVeigh he fits none of the criteria. McV...

• Word Count: 1842
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... did something to them then that would be up for consideration, but not when the law is available to carry out proper justice. Now if the law enforcement or the court system does not deal with it in a just manner, then justice is due. Then they could give justice to whomever. Another modern ... circumstances make this action completely wrong. The only way a vigilante's actions can be considered right is if there was no law enforcement and justice must be carried out, or if the law enforcement did not properly justify the situation. In the case of McVeigh he fits none of the criteria. McV...

• Word Count: 1833
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... patrols, good relationships with the community, and through tough penalties for convicted criminals. When deterrence fails, criminals need to be identified and held accountable for their actions. Law enforcement enforces many different crimes; some of the most serious crimes are violent crimes. According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program, violent crime is defined by four offenses: ... on the inmate population of any Federal, State, or Local detention facility unless crowding is inflicting cruel and unusual punishment on a particular identified prisoners " (Violent Crime Contr...

• Word Count: 1330
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... on studies done on homicide pass and present, what experts say and reasons for homicide. Also providing an overview of homicide, it factors, challenges facing communities as well as law enforcement, and the role of the government in changing behavior. Also to keep the people informed and awareness about how homicide effects the District of Columbia communities, our loved ones and ... and negatively related to support systems (Landau). "Homicide that occurred during 1986-88 was analyzed to assess the theory that youth homicides are largely attributable to gang involvement in drug traffic...

• Word Count: 1533
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School