Starting with several cases in 1989, the Supreme Court has restricted affirmative action by: "[giving] greater weight to claims of reverse discrimination, outlawed the use of minority set-asides in cases where prior racial discrimination could not be proved, and placed stricter limits on states' use of racial preferences than it did on the federal government. ... Pena (1995), the court placed stricter limits on affirmative-action programs, stating they were unconstitutional unless they fulfilled a 'compelling governmental interest'." ("affirmative action") Currently in the S...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Harris Public Policy Lecture Series was based on "Political Engagement and Public Policy: Domestic and Foreign". ... The first topic she "touched base on" was Human Rights. Because people are very unaware of their human rights, they are taken advantage of by government officials. ... In my opinion, Hardball is a book that breaks down the way government works from a Republicans perspective. ... Politicians are the leaders of countries and based off their decisions it makes a reputation of the citizens. ...

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• Grade Level: High School

Natives were given the hope that if the British won they would be given their freedom and a say in the new government. ... The Dutch took advantage of the English's policy of appeasement and basically took over the government later voting to become free from the control of English Imperialism. ... Once slavery was abolished South Africa developed Apartheid which was a centrally based form of segregation and Jim Crow laws. South Africa was more of a centrally power based government rather than a regionally based or state based government like the United States form of federalism. ... Event...

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In such cases, courts have generally insisted on applying "strict scrutiny"-the most intense level of judicial review-to government actions. Under this tough standard, the use of race in governmental decisions making may be upheld only if it serves a compelling government objective and only if it is "narrowly tailored" to advance that objective (Kennedy 70-74). Racial profiling should be ended even if the generalizations on which the technique is based are supported by empirical or factual evidence. ... I have been in a courtroom before and I know that if an officer says he did not base his ac...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For many decades now, our government has been treating people differently based on their skin color, causing no one to be or feel equal towards one another. In fact, as we are experiencing today, the government also created discriminating policies in the past, including Jim Crow laws and slavery. ... Another example of preferential treatment of minorities is when students are seen as being admitted into academic institutions based solely on their race, despite that their academic score are drastically lower than standards. ... They then brought a lawsuit against the school claiming the admissi...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If affirmative action is supposed to support the individual, why is it solely based on race and why doesn't it apply to every situation based on the potential of the individual involved? ... Our most powerful and sacred document that holds all the power in the government is colorblind. ... The US government has " more than ninety thousand organizations with contracts valued at $50,000 or more." ... In order to create a system that is fair the government needs to do additional research in improving its present situation. Affirmative action should be based on the fact that it is giving e...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After the passage of these amendments, two of the three branches of government disconnected themselves with the issue of black civil rights. ... This occurred as the other, more industrial, interests of the broad based party dominated their platform; leaving the blacks to face the wrath of the Southerners. ... The Court prompted discrimination by implying that if blacks wanted legal protection, they would need to seek it from their state, not national, government. ... "The object of the amendment was undoubtedly to enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law, but in the na...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although the internal fight never found a victory, there were measures taken by the government that attempted to improve the lives of African Americans. Racism, prejudice, stereotypes, and communist affiliation were components that led to unequal opportunity and public scrutiny, not allowing the African Americans to fully benefit from those governmental actions taken to help them, as you will see in this paper. ... Also, President Roosevelt and the United States Government created jobs for the unemployed, which included blacks. ... People with lower and inferior qualifications were being pla...

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Many attempts have been made by the government to ease racial tension. ... They proved that as a result of segregation, black children felt inferior to white children and white children became morally confused because the government was telling them to treat everyone equally, but still they refused to give black people the same privileges as white people. ... According to the movie which was based on a true story, the South Carolina school board refused to fund a black child's education equal to a white child's education. ... An assumption of superiority and inferiority based upon ra...

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Point number two looks at the federal government and its responsibility and obligation to give every person employment or a guaranteed income. ... Point number seven is based around the idea of self defense. The black community believes that the United States government uses its police forces to oppress the black, colored and poor people. ... That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolis...

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Kennedy signed a bill forcing government contractors to extinguish discrimination due to race, religion or national origin. Since that law came into existence, many changes have taken place to provide a broader scope of protection for what the government calls protected class members. ... Kennedy signed a bill forcing government contractors to cease discrimination due to race, religion, or national origin. ... Government was unable to ignore the issues any longer without a great penalty. Compassion to help the underprivileged also attributed to government making the first step to take actio...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are many alternative ways the government can promote equality within the educational system. ... Although a diverse student body may produce some positive qualities around a college campus, it should not be considered a compelling reason to accept certain students over others based on their appearance. ...

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This apprenticeship not only established a base for his future involvements with newspapers, but it also taught him the means of delivering messages to masses of people. ... I asked, "Where is the black man's Government?" ... Marcus Mosiah Garvey was finally beginning to establish a government that could honestly represent black people. ... It was because of successes like this that the American government began to fear the man Garvey and puppeteer his ruin. ... It didn't take too long before the government became aware of Marcus Garvey's influence over black peop...

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In the south, Reconstruction meant rebuilding the economy, establishing new state and local governments and a new social structure between whites and newly freed African Americans. ... The Freedman's Bureau was an agency of the Federal government set up in 1865 to help former slaves and other persons suffering from the effects of the Civil War. ...

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So why hasn't the government put a stop or at least tried to reform drug laws? ... Now the government has tried to stop the drug trade with President Nixon's infamous "War on Drugs," but it has been as ludicrous as it has been counter-intuitive. ... Perhaps this is a convenient way for the government to suppress the drug problem temporarily rather than trying to fix the big-picture problem of drugs as a whole, and if that problem isn't fixed, it will only continue to inflict harm and exploit not only minorities, but the nation as well. ... Now based on the story of the offi...

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The government was convinced the Japanese people were traitors to the United States and they would side with Japan when they got the chance. The government relocated anyone of Japanese ancestry to concentration camps. ... The government had no proof any Japanese person becoming a traitor " The governments policy was based on the incredible notion that this group of people, solely on the basis of ancestry, had to be regarded as inherently disloyal to the United States." ... During this time the Jim Crow textbook law passed, it said books for black children could not contain information on votin...

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The following quote is from blacks who passed a resolution: "Our feelings urge us to say to our countrymen that we are ready to stand by and defend our government as the equals of its white defenders; to do so with our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor, for the sake of freedom, and as good citizens; and we ask that you modify your laws, that we may enlist "that full scope may be given to the patriotic feelings burning in the colored man's breast."" ... During World War civil rights groups pressed the government to provide training for black pilots on an equal basis with whit...

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A reparations law would also have to make the government do a background check on all the Americans who would pay the reparations to make sure he/she is a descendant of a slave owner. ... The government and tax payers have already paid trillions of dollars for discrimination in the past. Adversity.Net News and Analysis (2003) writes: Reparations 4 In the 36 years since the passage of the original Civil Rights Act of 1964, trillions of dollars in federal transfer payments, welfare payments, racial job quotas, race-based federal contract set-asides, and race based college admissions have a...

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Colonial Rule in Africa It is important to know for clarification that racism within the colonial context was a form of biological determinism.3 This means that the colonial state could determine the status and capacities of different human populations based on their genetic makeup. ... However the moment the colonial state was established, colonial administrators wanted to develop the state with notions that were simple to comprehend, therefore the formation of tribes was based on either genetic makeup and thus gave each ethnicity certain kind of characteristics. ... Another reason that may h...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Affirmative action decisions are generally not supposed to be based on quotas, nor are they supposed to give any preference to unqualified candidates (Froomkin). ... The government has given blacks many ways to get in and out of college and it's not fair for the average white person. ...

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It is not suppose to be based on quotas, or preferences to the unqualified. ... According to a 1995 government report, white males make up only 29 percent of the workforce, but they hold 95 percent of senior management positions, (Skylar 1995, 115). ... The review found that the programs have been successful in meeting the government's goal of increasing the percentage of minorities and women receiving federal contracts., (Washington Post 7/95, A1). ...

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The Japanese internment camps were set up by the United States government during World War Two. ... In the 1980's the United States government gave the surviving victims of the internment camps $20,000 as an apology and as reparation for their troubles. I personally find this an embarrassing gesture on top of what was already one of the biggest mistakes the United States government has ever made. ... Not only did the Europeans bring germs and disease, they brought Christian based ideas and enforced a male dominant way of life. ...

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Opinions of other races and nationalities are based on stereotypes. ... Justice Sandra Day O"Connor also supports this action by saying "The unhappy persistence of both the practice and the lingering effects of racial discrimination is an unfortunate reality and the government is not disqualified from acting in response to it." and finally Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg says that "..The court [recognizes] the persistence of congress's authority to act affirmatively, not only to end discrimination, but also to counteract discrimination's lingering effects. ... Affirmative action is desig...

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Hartke advocates the same deception about the lies said by the government during the Vietnam War. ... The government and the military lied to the media about the progress of the war. "I was in the show business, trying to get a big audience for the Government on TV by killing real people with live ammunition, something the other advertisers were not free to do" (57). ... By the government lying to the public it gave news reporters an incentive to expose the war. ...

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According to members their religion and philosophy called "Creativity- is based on the external laws of nature, the experience of history, on logic and common sense. ... They believe that Jews have control of the United States government, which they call the JOG (Jewish Occupational Government). ...

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