... it stays competitive. This will happen only if the company produces a product or a service that is of good quality and at a good price. This will lead to customers' satisfaction. But all of these things are hypothetical imperatives by themselves. Therefore, they cannot serve as a universal law. In summary business' ultimate purpose is a hypothetical imperative, therefore it is not a moral according to Kant's ethics. The ... third ethical theory is Virtue ethics. It has originated from the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle and it makes a parallel between the actuality and potentiality ...

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... A philosophical reflection on a disturbed relation with nature in the light of the ecological crisis Summary This study seeks to identify the frameworks of philosophical-theological co-operation between intuitions, ideas, beliefs and convictions within Western history, which prepared the ground for what is now known as the ecological crisis. This crisis confronts us with a human self-understanding in relation to nature particular ... all living beings. Part I also analyses and interprets the philosophical and theological developments leading to these modern, interrelated conceptions of...

• Word Count: 4223
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• Grade Level: High School

... is applied to enemies, on how it is applied to women, and finally on how it is applied to self. Very clear examples of these paradoxes can be seen in the Indian epic Mahabharata and in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Such instances as the war between the Pandavas and the Kauruvas, and the amoral actions of the roman Gods and Goddesses illustrate this notion. Morality is a concept that has no ... set, clear meaning. Instead it can be viewed as nothing more than a concept that can be easily altered at any given time to better suit the whims and wishes of those attempting to find justification for t...

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... innocent human being." This article proves that abortion is wrong because by choosing to abort a child, women are not respecting human life and are ending the future of another human being, which defies the fifth commandment. Pope Francis says, "The right to life is the first human right. Abortion ... the dignity of the human being, to the golden rule, and to the holiness of the Creator. The law forbidding it is universally valid: it obliges each and everyone, always and everywhere." This sums up the fact that killing an innocent human being is not upholding its dignity and it goes agains...

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... authority would use it to help them affirm the identity of God to the people.42 Thus, clergy, political officials, and newspapers all were playing a role in the suppression of piracy. The clergy were trying to convince the colonists that piracy was wrong through their sermons about pirates as these "sea monsters, vicious beasts, and a many-headed hydra all creatures that lived beyond the bounds ... of human society."43 These sermons were made public to both the ... colonies and other European nations as a way to convince people to follow the moral ways of God and not to give in to the ...

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... states that engineers should assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional development and provide them with support to follow the code of ethics. The AIC code of ethics canon number seven clearly mentions that a constructor shall support research and educational processes associated with the profession of construction. Summary The ASCE code of ethics and NSPE code of ethics are the two most comprehensive codes of ethics amongst the five which ... were scrutinized in this paper. They are also similar in a lot of contexts but there are some differentiating points too. The ASME c...

• Word Count: 3612
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a brief summary of some of the readings and some of LTs expressed thoughts on them. It is not intended as a way to avoid doing those readings. a) Gunther: - Argues for free speech despite admitting the harm that various forms of speech can have (he was raised as a Jew in Nazi Germany). - Has an 'absolutist' interpretation of the first ... conflict with their interests. It would be unjust to follows those laws, then. But Thrasymachus has it that justice is both the advantage of the stronger and following the laws that the leaders make. So, if they make laws that don't benefit themselves, t...

• Word Count: 6291
• Approx Pages: 25
• Grade Level: High School

... put forward without evidence is a mere assertion. As Socrates observed "the unexamined life is not worth living". The branches of philosophy Historically, philosophers have identified four main branches of their discipline. They are logic, metaphysics, epistemology and axiology. These branches of philosophy are clusters of problems and questions. Logic comes from the Greek word logos, which means reasoned discourse. Logic can also be defined as the sciences ... of evaluating arguments. The purpose of logic is to assist us in recognizing and employing good arguments while avoiding fallac...

• Word Count: 2506
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... put forward without evidence is a mere assertion. As Socrates observed "the unexamined life is not worth living". The branches of philosophy Historically, philosophers have identified four main branches of their discipline. They are logic, metaphysics, epistemology and axiology. These branches of philosophy are clusters of problems and questions. Logic comes from the Greek word logos, which means reasoned discourse. Logic can also be defined as the sciences ... of evaluating arguments. The purpose of logic is to assist us in recognizing and employing good arguments while avoiding fallac...

• Word Count: 2506
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... , with the 3D printing ease-of-use and range of capabilities, may heavily reply upon 3D printing for business endeavors and operations. Weinberg says, "Just as computers have allowed us to become makers of movies, writers of articles, and creators of music, 3D printers allow everyone to become creators of things." And, as creators of things, we become protective of our ideas after the time and thought invested into the product ... itself, especially if it is unique and profitable. For example, we cannot create a widely used object (like a paper clip ... ...

• Word Count: 2695
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , with the 3D printing ease-of-use and range of capabilities, may heavily reply upon 3D printing for business endeavors and operations. Weinberg says, "Just as computers have allowed us to become makers of movies, writers of articles, and creators of music, 3D printers allow everyone to become creators of things." And, as creators of things, we become protective of our ideas after the time and thought invested into the product ... itself, especially if it is unique and profitable. For example, we cannot create a widely used object (like a paper clip ... ...

• Word Count: 2695
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... victor's ego. This is what Hobbes calls war. During war there is no place for industry, no culture of the Earth, no arts, no knowledge of the Earth, no love, no account of time, no society, and continual fear, and danger of death. And until society agrees on laws and the people that make them, they will continue to be in war with one another. Hobbes compares this ... one person is trying to destroy the other person by any means necessary to get what he wants. This natural condition, free of all artificial interferences, is one of continuous war and violence, of death and fear. Hobbes te...

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... ethical justice. However, safeguarding mother's interest may hamper the legal rights of (Fraser Guideline), duty of care to patient (beneficence), ethical "autonomy of will" of Miss Kay, and the "Parental responsibility" of the father (Beauchamp and Childress, 1989; Wheeler, 2006; DH, 1989). Legally, the issue of medical rights of a minor has been a controversial topic across the western world (Woolley, ... health practitioners-patient/patient family relationship is threatened. However, In Canada on several occasions, issues have been debated about the consent of a minor. In considerati...

• Word Count: 2744
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... William Golding uses characterization in order to explore the survival instinct inherent in humans. An orderly society provides structure to those who live in it. A daily schedule of work, play, family time, school, chores, and government allows people to function in a civilized manner. When these components are stripped away, society is left with a dismantled moral framework. When this occurs, people tend ... is constructed. However, feuds emerge, causing a disintegration of their newly formed society. The end result of this rivalry creates multiple missed opportunities for rescue, los...

• Word Count: 2518
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• Grade Level: High School

... presents that the way in which laws are enforced (i.e. forcing one party in a domestic abuse situation to leave or arrest that individual in front of everyone in the neighborhood) affects the overall perception of their legitimacy and the willingness of people to respect police authority. This authority, along with police discretion in any given situation, can lead to ethical misconduct. This misconduct can be ... by a proper recruitment process to ensure corrupt individuals are prevented from entering the police force. The factors that entice corruption according to the institutional a...

• Word Count: 2665
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in the objects of nature, the achievements of art, the imaginations of poetry, the incidents of history, the ways of mankind, past and present, and their prospects in the future" (viii). Mill opens up this theory and encompass the best cohesive framework for understanding utilitarianism. The enduring popularity of Mill most likely lies in his stating of objections to utilitarianism and reapplication of utility in many ethical and moral problems. Mill ... . Mill feels this objection to be a terrible attempt to refute not just Utilitarianism, but any ethical system. He states that mankind ...

• Word Count: 3279
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... freedom. In doing this, the serious man becomes obsessed with his role that he does not care for anyone. On page 49 of Ethics, "it is natural that he makes himself a tyrant he ignores the value of the subjectivity and the freedom of others- The serious man will too become free after he acknowledges that the object isn't something that brings him joy. The ... nihilist is the third attitude explained. De Beauvoir explains that the nihilist sees the world as something dangerous and he chooses to reject it. He sees that the world consists of ready-made values that he works to destroy comple...

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... justifications for this viewpoint. In order to understand the philosophy that gives rise to this standpoint it is necessary to start with a few basic assumptions about the nature of life and the universe. The first of these assumptions is that all things (meaning the universe itself) are inherently neutral in nature1. The second is that the answers to such questions as "what is ... context. This is because these concepts are based on mankind's interpretations of the universe, and not the universe itself (Sartre 36). Because of the subjective nature of the concepts of good and evil, etc....

• Word Count: 3320
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... day? Immanuel Kant has theories that imply humans have a particularly important role, creating a role in life. Sigmund Freud has theories which broaden the level of complexion and allow for superior methods to use for more of an accurate evaluation of a human/s. Kant is an insight into the human condition as a whole, but by Freud being 'better' I mean that he represents a tool for ... father then re-married after his wife died, then re-married again, to Amalia Nathansohn whore bore Sigmund Freud as their first child. Freud inherited liberalism and free thought from his father and a sense...

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• Grade Level: High School

... die, be it to make one person happy or ten. This cannot be applied to everyone because then you would have a lot of people justifying their committing murder somehow and a lot of people lost. "Don't cheat" is also a moral. Just as in the first moral, where would everyone be if we all ... world will continue to function normally. "Keep promises" is a moral because if everyone stopped keeping promises then almost nothing would get done properly and a lot of commotion would ensue. (2) John Mill believes that all morals should guide us in directions that will benefit us. It is based upon this...

• Word Count: 2842
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... at ensuring competent professional behavior where the counselors instill trust on the public and keep track of their behavior and that of peer counselors. It also avoids the controversies brought about by development of the ethical codes. The ethical principles advocates for independence and self-determination, avoidance of harm, promotion of welfare, fairness, and fidelity (Reynolds and Welfel, 2009). A Counselor According to Lambie, Hagedorn, & Ieva (2010), a counselor ... associated with the problem including all the parties involved, consider relevant ethic codes that may guide in m...

• Word Count: 3934
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... physicians recommended. The expert knowledge or skill of the physician and the ignorance or need of a patient was mediated by the ethics of medical authority on the one side and by traditional patient docility on the other. (15) In the last hundred years, and especially since the 1960s, infusions of the advancing knowledge and power of biology and the life sciences have transformed medicine. Increasingly ... such guidelines were necessary, for two basic reasons. First, among pre-modern peoples respect for nature was a given. The very goal of life was commonly understood as a harmony with...

• Word Count: 6015
• Approx Pages: 24
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... all other things, which is a key point in his enemies accusations that he corrupted youth and had no reverence for the Gods. "If you take my advice you will think little of Socrates, and a great deal more about truth." Plato, a student of Socrates, was born to a wealthy aristocratic family and became Socrates" student at age twenty. Not only was he important as a philosopher himself, ... but also because he recorded Socrates" work. (Socrates wrote nothing) Therefore what we know of Socrates is based ... . In history few people have had such a profound affect on influencing people's thi...

• Word Count: 3385
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... . (Post, 1998) Hence, is an agreement between Socrates and the state is unjust, as Post believes she has already proven, then the agreement must also be impious. If the agreement is impious it is not pleasing to the gods, and Socrates has already argued to Crito that when looking for the truth of matters of right and wrong the gods must be consulted. (Post, 1998) The opinions ... of the many, in this case Socrates conviction, cannot be used to determine if an action is right or ... , just as their opinion cannot be used as instruction for an athlete involved in physical training. (Crito,...

• Word Count: 2786
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... , is the world itself, as the universal mind. They call God the cause of all things, and also the commanding-faculty of the world (Long & Sedley, p. 323). The differing view of fate here may come about by the different Stoics themselves. It seems that Zeno may have held more of the traditional Greek view that fate is simply the landmarks in a person's life that are set ... to reason if not to be able to make choices between complex options. Though I like much of Stoic philosophy, this commitment to causality takes Chrysippus to an argument that I just cannot assent to. Were Chrysippus to...

• Word Count: 2938
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School