... this is a tasked-based lesson, we didn't want it to involve only drill exercises which would send the message that learning English is all about completing a series of short, controlled exercises which don't require any personal creativity, expression and interpretation. When preparing ... under normal circumstances, we would have conducted a needs analysis to determine the learners' interests in order to involve the learners in their own learning processes and by doing this, we avoid the traditional role of teacher as the only source of information in the classroom. Our tasks are ... ...

• Word Count: 1573
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and axiety, and , of course with metacognitive awareness often have low affective filter and thus makes language learning more efficient. In EFL context, learners particularly needs to lower affective filter, because if learners do not directly use English in their real life and future working post, the motivation may be lowed. Metacognition plays a very important ... only push learners to explore more strateges used in the efficient language learning, bult also adds to one's whole set of learning strateges by it's metacognitive strateges as planning, mornitoring and evalating. In EFL co...

• Word Count: 1364
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the choice can be made about what particular skills are taught and what order they are presented in. One of the most significant approaches to impact on today's teaching of English a second or foreign language is that of the oral approach and Situational language teaching. During the 1920s and 1930s linguists looked for a principled approach to methodology in language teaching, ... Palmer and Hornby attempted a "more scientific foundation for an oral approach to teaching English than was evidenced in the Direct Method. The result was a systematic study of the principles and procedures t...

• Word Count: 1867
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... were difficult for me to understand. When I discovered there was a language requirement for college I was nervous because I had such a hard time in high school learning a foreign language. I then found out that I could take American Sign Language to fill this requirement. At the time that I realized that I could use ASL ... of class I was over whelmed because of many different parts of signs and how complicated the sentence structure was to learn because it was different than English. What I mostly expected the class to be was a lot of memorizing of signs. Although, that was a small part...

• Word Count: 1955
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... there does seem to be agreement that older students have greater cognitive brain development that allows them to have conscious awareness of the language learning process. Eric Lenneberg in 1967 proposed a critical period hypothesis which explained why children can pick up a new language more easily than adults ... . He theorized that the acquisition of language is a process determined by biological factors which limit the "critical period" of language learning from about two years old to the age of puberty. Lenneberg believed that once the brain becomes lateralized (when the two sides de...

• Word Count: 1437
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... White of McGill University is the voice of dissent this time, presenting a strong argument against Bley-Vroman's theory in her article Another Look At The Logical Problem of Foreign Language Learning. Bley-Vroman himself writes "If additional work along these lines should show that adult learners do have knowledge which somehow requires access to principles of Universal Grammar, this will constitute ... Acquisition Device, not just the problem-solving system that Bley-Vroman claims. Flaws do exist in White's argument, however. The group she chose to test on acquired their second languag...

• Word Count: 1474
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... their families. American Sign Language or ASL is a complex visual-spatial language that is used by the Deaf community in the United States and English speaking parts of Canada. It is a linguistically complete, natural language. Sign language was first developed as a means of communication for hearing ... universal; there is no set language' that all Deaf people follow. Deaf people use different sign language, just like there are different dialects in English, there are in ASL. (ASLinfo.com) ASL is now a credited foreign language in many Universities and Schools. American Sign Language is...

• Word Count: 1824
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... it's imperative that it continues to evolve and be incorporated into education, especially with language acquisition for young students. iPods can be used to support language development and content learning for elementary English Language Learners (ELL) (Min Liu, 2014), while other iPod or iPad applications can help to expand their vocabulary (Nisbet, 2013). The majority of focus so far has ... digital story, demonstrated that it enhanced the vocabulary for students. "Mayer's (2005) multimedia theory can allow a learner to make faster connections between pictures and new vocabulary, enh...

• Word Count: 2180
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... formal writer should avoid contractions and abbreviations, and will use a more specialized and complex vocabulary than that used in everyday speech. Informal English is the language spoken by most people every day. While most speakers retain their knowledge of formal rules, they're more relaxed about ... usually written informally, and most people probably use informal language when they write to their friends. Another genre of language is Popular English. Popular English can be colorful and highly expressive, but it is out of place in any writing unless you are reporting speech. In ev...

• Word Count: 1333
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... to their particular situation WHEN AND WHAT TO ASSESS The classroom is obviously the most important place to assess students informally. Students spend more time there than in any other learning environment and there we can monitor students" performance in all four skills: speaking, listening, reading and writing. However we can also assess outside the classroom, for example looking at students ... has to be done informally. In addition, informal assessment of speaking can have an important effect on learners. If they see that speaking English and participating are rewarded they will be...

• Word Count: 2238
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... with the following figure 2 which is taken from Saville-Troike's study; Figure 2. First vs. Second language development. (Taken from Saville-Troike, 2006, p. 17) At the initial stage, fist language learning is seen as an innate capacity but on the other hand, in second language acquisition; learners must have a prior knowledge of first language because this ' 'prior knowledge of ... 4. Intermediate Fluency Stage 5. Advanced Fluency Stage 1. Preproduction Stage (Silent-Receptive Stage) According to this stage, second language learners (10 hours-6 months) just start to learn secon...

• Word Count: 2006
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... 6: embedded questions. "I don't know why he can't go out?- By age of four, most English speaking children have passed through these developmental stages and ask questions that are grammatical and appropriate THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO EXPLAINING FIRST LANGUAGE LEARNING Behaviorism: Believe that traditional language learning is the result of imitation, practice, and feedback on success and habit formation. Kids imitate sounds and ... on the developmental aspects of language acquisition Connectionism: they hypothesize that language acquisition does not require a separate module of the mind...

• Word Count: 2132
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... language, the educational traditions etc. However, because of the globalisation and the growing opportunities for meeting different nations, the use of languages especially the English language now assume even greater importance than before. Simultaneously, speaking and listening skills are emphasised more as a way of successful and fluent communication. ... vocabulary words. If there are similarities between the target language and the native language students are taught to recognise cognates by learning the spelling or sound patterns that correspond between the languages. In the Direct...

• Word Count: 1851
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... learn. Key words: Error, mistakes, analysis, assessment, language system. Introduction: For many years we as future EFL teachers have been learning the intricate systems of the English language in order to grasp the language properly and to eventually be able to teach the language we are still ... learning about. We as students we have learned by making mistakes and by, some way or another, correcting ourselves or being corrected ... a morphological mistake in addition we can say that this is an intralingual transfer error since the student knows that 'a' is an indefinite article b...

• Word Count: 1694
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

... viewpoint on this issue. Basically there are two main points of view, two main ideas about this topic. One of them is the empirical approach. Empirists believe that the language learning of small children is based on experience and on the stimuli of the surrounding enviroment only, so the consciousness of babies is 'tabula rasa'. However, the racionalist approach has a ... their grammar, phonetics and vocabulary "show a number of similarities, even if their superstratum languages (the language from which the given Creole language can be originated from, for instance: english, french, por...

• Word Count: 1652
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... need to and modify these meanings according to changing needs. Human language has the properties of productivity, recursively, and displacement, and relies entirely on social convention and learning. Its complex structure affords a much wider range of expressions than any known system of animal communication. Language is thought to have originated when early hominines started gradually ... developmental stages to occur. A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family. The Indo-European family is the most widely spoken and includes English,...

• Word Count: 1651
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... culture to standard in (formal) education--as in "the more you're educated, the more culture you have." Culture, from this angle, refers to the outcome of a formal and programmatic learning process (as in going through schooling). For example, in various parts on Mainland China, the expression "someone has culture" means someone has received an extent of formal education. So, according ... anthropology. For example, Raymond Williams defined culture in his 1965 book, The Long Revolution, as "a particular way of life which expresses certain meanings and values not only in art and learning...

• Word Count: 1950
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... besides possessions was books and ideas. He also highly encouraged them to have positive attitudes and to be considerate of others. Tannen describes her childhood as one of the best learning experiences in her life because of her parents. Tannen and her sisters learned about the world through their parents when they went on countryside road trips as a family. When Tannen ... cultural environment come in between their marriage, but also, Tannen found her true existence in the world of social linguists. At the age of twenty-eight, Tannen was divorced, and English literature teacher, and v...

• Word Count: 1358
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... have more than one commonly accepted definition (Adler, et al. 94). Across cultures, some words and phrases are used in different ways. For example, even in countries that share the English language, the meaning of "yes" varies from "maybe, I'll consider it" to "definitely so," with many shades in between. The problem at root is that language is fundamentally ambiguous. While ... people think and behave is influenced by the values of their culture. In a multicultural society, it can be useful to learn about the values and communication styles of a different culture. Learning the signifi...

• Word Count: 1464
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate