A man named Philip Johnston came up with the idea to use the Navajo language as a communication code during World War II. ... There had been previous attempts to use a Native American language as a communication code, but those attempts had failed due to the fact that the Indian language didn't contain words which related to "airplane", "tank", or "admiral". ... Jones, to use the Navajo language as a way of secure communication. ... " (Navajo Code Talkers: World War II Fact Sheet)The major difference in other codes and ciphers of that time, which were...

• Word Count: 703
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography

The dominant national culture was defined in Anglo-Celtic terms and all other cultures were excluded from its self image. ... While the preference at that time was for British migrants, others were accepted on the understanding that they should shed their cultures and languages and be assimilated into the host population so that they would rapidly become indistinguishable from it. ... The test was given to people who were seen as "unsuitable" and it required the migrant to write down a fifty word passage dictated in any obscure European language. ... These polices recognised that large num...

• Word Count: 601
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The only thing that gave them the endurance and heart to go on was their national anthem. ... The language is not difficult at all, but you might want to read the foreword before you read the book, just to get the Japanese terminologies. ...

• Word Count: 201
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: High School

The polices of the National Socialists were offered to deprived and hopeless people for solutions to their economic woes. ... Firstly it must be pointed out that Germany and German refer to people who speak a particular language rather than a geographical area. ... Although these different groups all speak the same language they were all fiercely independent and resisted being united into one nation. ... This was one of the strong contributing factors to the rise of National socialism. ... The National Socialists were promising strength through unity. ...

• Word Count: 2583
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Human rights is an essential element of any constitutional order at the national level. ... During the Italian War of National Unification, thousands of wounded soldiers died. ... The Treaty Concerning the Protection of Minorities concluded between Allied and Associated Powers and Poland of 28 June 1919 enjoined Poland to practice non-discrimination and required that in educational institutions of the primary level must be given to children through the medium of their own language. ... A document had come into being which defined the rights of every human being, independently of his/her race, ...

• Word Count: 1043
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It pushed people toward national unity in Italy and Germany and threatened to tear the Habsburg and Ottoman empires apart. In the United States, the principle of national unity helped spark the brutal civil war. ... Russia in the 19th century was very anti-semitic when Alexander the third forced Russians to adopt his culture and speak their language. ...

• Word Count: 696
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography

Nationalism was a major cause because it was ignored by many groups who felt that people of the same ethnic origin, language, and political ideals had the right to independent states. This caused conflict and left Germany and Italy divided because some groups felt strong about national autonomy which caused them to be subject to local dynasts or to other nations. ... Statesmen everywhere realized that the tremendous and ever-growing expenditures for armament would in time lead either to national bankruptcy or to war. ...

• Word Count: 773
• Approx Pages: 3

This was a result of Yemeni tribesmen kidnapping and releasing more than 60 foreign nationals in l998, more than three times the number abducted in 1997. ... The government also instituted the requirement that Algerian, British, Egyptian, Libyan, Sudanese, and Tunisian nationals seeking entry into Yemen travel directly from their home counties. ... The study of Yemen has to precede other Arabian studies in order to know essentially the Arabic history, language and culture. ...

• Word Count: 764
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Transnational social movements, movements, and the role of participants in trying to influence policy and national and international organizations, have been more and more. ... Three different levels of business, personal, national and international. Personal issues are concerned with national and international community, and these institutions can be resolved, rather than hinder a level of any language problem, the nation...This is just a preview of the article. If you want to see the capital, the globalization of goods, the free flow of labor and services all over the world, by a very large ...

• Word Count: 1292
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The play demonstrates the language and cultural barriers experienced by immigrants to the city as they mouth the words of the actors to themselves in order to learn English. ... Certain structures give credit to the presence of national identity in the novels. ... Characters in both novels dismiss their own national identity for a time while living in particular environments. ... When the lens focuses on Almasy's true national identity, the picture becomes uglier with clarity. ... Kip's occupation during World War II as a sapper explores ideas of national identity in The English Pati...

• Word Count: 1671
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Holocaust: A Genre Analysis When choosing to create fictional films about the Holocaust, directors are burdened with the task of finding an appropriate language to convey the depths of emotion inextricably linked to the subject matter, as well conveying the story in a way which is both sympathetic and historically accurate. ... According to Hochberg (2000), the Holocaust resonates deeply with the American psyche because the issues involved are so deeply ingrained as national preoccupations - these being; abuse of government power, racism, the extent of responsibility of one's ne...

• Word Count: 1992
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The following year Congress passed the Sedition Act which imposed harsh penalties on anyone using disloyal, profane, or abusive language about the U.S. government, flag, or uniform. ... In 1916 Congress had passed the National Defense Act, which enlarged the army and approved appropriations for the navy. The same year, the Council of National Defense was also passed. The council's agenda included preparing the civilian population for mobilization and coordinating industries and resources for national security and defense. ...

• Word Count: 1084
• Approx Pages: 4

As Zionism was a movement to create a nation state for Jewish people, Arab Nationalism was, "the idea that the Arabs are a people linked by special bonds of language and history, religion, and that their political organization should in some way reflect this reality, and still has force throughout the Arab-speaking world.... "The Hussein-McMahon correspondence shows clearly that in negotiating with Britain, the Sharif consciously adopted the language and terms of nationalism. ... Named after Arthur James Balfour, the British Foreign Secretary, the Balfour Declaration was the British ...

• Word Count: 1892
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In countries such as Britain the use of propaganda posters was readily understandable: in 1914 Britain only possessed a professional army and did not have in place a policy of national service, as was standard in other major nations such as France and Germany. ... Another important factor regarding language was that most of the British public had left school at the age of fourteen, and it was suggested in order for them to fully understand, the language should be kept simple. ... These posters served the purpose of bringing some humour compared to the Ministry of Information's earl...

• Word Count: 2585
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

In the autumn of 1922 groups of fascist followers numbering 5,000 flooded towards Rome in a coup. They seized a number crucial communications and transportation points in major cities before travelling to Rome. The Prime Minister Facta convinced the king to mobilise the army to prevent a full scale ...

• Word Count: 978
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The dresses that the women wore to the parties were beautiful and elegant and the body language from the people makes you wonder what was going on the time the picture was taken and I absolutely love that. ... In Robert's life he also won many awards like the Balzac Prize in 1986, the Grand Prix National de la Photography in 1938, the Niépce Prize in 1956, and lastly the Kodak Prize in 1947. ...

• Word Count: 665
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

People controlled by other countries began to develop feelings of nationalism and patriotisms, often referred to as consciousness of sharing a common past and a closeness of speaking the same language. ... The competition for colonies was another source of national power and strength. ...

• Word Count: 813
• Approx Pages: 3

He traces Churchill's personal development and political career and explores how a "politician who had a one time or another offended every party and faction became the embodiment of national unity, an uncrowned king whose charisma threatened to eclipse the monarchy. " (4) Addison develops the theme of "the epic struggle between Churchill and his critics " (1) over the years, declaring that "Churchill won two great victories in the Second World War. ... Addison describes Churchill as employing "provocative language on the public platform while pursuing relatively conciliatory policies beh...

• Word Count: 1199
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It became an emblem of the War of 1812 and later the official National Anthem of the United States. ... His message, which made it clear that the United States was willing to vindicate its rights as an independent nation, echoed the language found in the Declaration of Independence It is the British abuses, and the U.S. response to these abuses, that have led historians to often call the War of 1812, the "Second War of Independence.... At this time, James Madison stated, "thousands of American citizens, under the safeguard of public law and of their national flag, have been torn from...

• Word Count: 2117
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Options for the US-ROK Alliance in the Context of the North Korean Threat The cornerstone of the asymmetric US-ROK alliance is the notion that the US military protects South Korea from North Korean aggression, while South Korea provides the US with a foothold on the Asian continent. However, since...

• Word Count: 2500
• Approx Pages: 10

Globalisation has enhanced the spread of customs, language and products within countries. ... It has been able to affect the speed and character of the globalization process by itself, by upholding the bodies that integrated national economies after World War II. ... These cultural factors include aspects of language and sport, to movies and food among others. ...

• Word Count: 1798
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"21 During the Khmer Rouge's rule, the wearing of glasses, the "mark of a civilized person," was outlawed and the use of any language beside Khmer meant death for the speaker, because knowledge of a foreign language was a mark of education and therefore a threat to national unity.22 In addition to the destruction of schools, the Khmer Rouge effectively destroyed Buddhism in Cambodia, thereby ending the most accessible form of education for most Cambodians. ...

• Word Count: 1503
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Georgians possessed their own culture and language which was very different from the official Russian language of the empire, and the young Stalin only began learning Russian when he was nine years old. Years later, at the height of his power, he still spoke with a pronounced Georgian accent but boasted that he had forgotten the language. ... In this utopian setting, all class distinctions would be abolished as would national governments and religion which Marx regarded as tools of bourgeois oppression on the working class. ...

• Word Count: 2506
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

Trains, planes and automobiles are responsible for the transportation of goods not only nationally, but also internationally. ... A virtual world that has no boundaries between countries, where even language barriers are diffused and where governments may strive for censorship but find it impossible to achieve. ... Boundaries can be permeated therefore new ways of preserving national security have had to be discovered. ...

• Word Count: 1615
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some of the challenges that the Italian immigrants faced include language barriers, and cultural challenges emanating from the fact that they had to adapt to new systems if education, social relationships, and religions (Doherty 82). ...

• Word Count: 2766
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate