... response is "... so far as animals are concerned, we have no direct duties. ... Our duties towards animals are merely indirect duties towards humanity." (notes) Kant view is that animals instruments for us to use. Therefore we have no direct moral duties to animals. Our duties towards animals are "merely indirect ... duties towards humanity." (notes) This means we have an indirect duty to treat animals in such a way that it is morally good for humanity. Some people may think ... obligations to animals is called the Categorical Imperative. In this procedure we must check our issue agains...

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• Grade Level: High School

... that presents a world of opportunity for doing businesses, reaching global markets and purchasing without leaving the home or office (chitrangda, 2014). Based on the business that approach in internet surely there have some ethical issues such as online piracy where there have unauthorized copyright, email spamming that ... problem to distinguish the pirated product from the original one which is often misleading them. Nevertheless, piracy claimed to have imposed sever losses on content producers, but it is very difficult to measure the real damages arising from the piracy (Horn et al, 20...

• Word Count: 602
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... happy: "good birth, plenty of friends, good friends, wealth, good children, plenty of children, a happy old age, also such bodily excellences as health, beauty, strength, large stature, athletic powers, together with fame, honor, good luck, and virtue." While this list of things is critical to happiness, Aristotle adds one more thing: a complete life. He says, "One swallow does not make a spring ... to accumulate, sometimes it is brought by chance. For example, a person that wins the lottery has a lot of wealth. While achieving some of the items on the list, such as height or good birth...

• Word Count: 557
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• Grade Level: High School

The definition of a community is: "A group of people having common interests: the scientific community; the international business community." Essentially, this implies that those with common interests or those who live their lives in certain ways are professed as a community. What communities do I fit into? What communities am I supposed to fit into, and which ones ... , I have chosen to enter the IB program (as it was available to me.) This simple choice could possibly affect the outcome of my life and the outcome of my perceptions on life. As a member of the Muslim community, certain mora...

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... that people in affluent countries should reconsider their lifestyle and ideas of morality. He believes they tend to be self-centred, choosing to spend on wants that are superficial and holds no equivalent moral importance to giving someone a better life, rather than performing their moral duty to alleviate ... depriving the needy of help they deserve. We can just wear the clothes we already own and spend maximally or more than we presently do on the act of giving. Singer proposes two principles, a stronger one "If it is in our power to prevent something bad from ... p. 231) claims that...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... has been working at Paramount Urgent Care in Orlando, Florida for the past two and a half years. Since she graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in nursing eight years ago, she has been offering her medical services in hospitals, urgent care, and doctor offices. Moreover, Ms. Ortiz reveals ... you hold as an individual in your profession that enables you uphold to the expected ethical values and practices? "Yes. At all times when dealing with patients, I would say it will call for one, as a registered nurse to hold highly a personality that stands out even more th...

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... Romney aggressively bashed Gingrich in the most recent debate in an effort to stay afloat. Romney sought to highlight Gingrich as an unethical politician with a questionable history plagued by an ethics investigation in the 1990s and his involvement with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (Reston). "We're not choosing a talk show host," Romney said of his opponent. "We're choosing the person ... integrity, sobriety, judgment, thoughtfulness, reliability, and high ethical standards (Reston). "You're going to have to look at that as Floridians and decide which of the people running for president ...

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... . It is those said events, actions, and desires and the final verdict upon each of them that shapes a person's ethics, persona, and outlook on life. It is those battles, those events, actions, and desires that occur between Ishmael and Hatsue and it is their personal decisions that decipher the outcome ... theories that plague society during that era. In addition, Hatsue would be criticized for her adulterous relationship, not to mention questioned for her affair with a man not of Japanese descendants. It is upon these findings and these revelations that Hatsue begins to notice that what...

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... contributes to the death of someone who is terminally ill or in great pain. "Passive euthanasia,"" on the other hand, refers to a decision not to treat a life threatening condition on the grounds that no extraordinary measures should be taken to save the life of someone who is either ... misdemeanor. Despite this tremendous legal distinction between active and passive euthanasia, however, doctors and philosophers such as James Rachels and Daniel Callahan regularly disagree on whether or not it is possible to make a meaningful distinction between the two terms at all. In "Killing and All...

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• Grade Level: Graduate

... endless desires that never reach completion. For Aristotle the contemplative lifestyle is the best way to live. To contemplate is to reflect on one's actions, and only in reflection and habituation can they make themselves better. Aristotle associates happiness with honor, but honor is something that an individual can only attain if others praise him. Happiness cannot be something that is merely ... of just money, but does it to eventually obtain happiness. Our modern concept of happiness appears to be one identical with contentment. A happy person is one who leads a life in which they ...

• Word Count: 648
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... will be describing the virtue of bravery. I will first define what Aristotle thinks virtue is, explain the virtue of bravery, and then finally reflect this virtue on my personal experience in the Shaw neighborhood. Aristotle breaks down virtue into four aspects which are: a state that decides in mean, consisting in a mean, ... brave person is hopeful which is one of the ends of confidence. "Hence the coward, the rash person and the brave person are all concerned with the same things, but have different states related to them; the others are excessive or defective but the brave person has...

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... law, so cultures can do no wrong" (Doing Philosophy, 309). To completely understand cultural relativism it is important to understand the term culture or depends on how you actually view culture. The falseness of cultural relativism can be shown in many different counter examples, but only one well known will be discussed ... is faulted given that, as history has often shown us, certain societies have been forced, or manipulated into, accepting and carrying out certain acts on behalf of the authorities within the society. The most common example of this would be Hitler's powerful influen...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the society has all but no religion, the danger of this is seen as the people are forced to come up with their moral codes, which often place a less important price on human life. The book, Chronicles of a Death Foretold, says that bishop hated the society. This symbolizes the lack of ... religion present in the society. Thus the people were less exposed to the dogma of the religion. Religion provides people with a clear purpose and morality, ... a people are forced to think for themselves and determine their own moral standards. Since the town had no governing religion they had to co...

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... be seen as permissible. The essay was published in 1782, a time when philosophers were traditionally strongly against suicide, thus making Hume's work at the time very controversial. Hume's arguments consist on debating the three consequences that could possibly occur in the events of a suicide. Hume states that suicide is not always a transgression of our duty to god, our duty to our ... neighbours, and our duty to ourselves (Hume: 4). Our relationship with god is systematically complicated in philosophy, because of the difference in religions, and belief within our society. If God has...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... falls conceptually between two other technologies. At one end we have the assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization, whose primary purpose is to enable couples to produce a child with whom they have a biological connection. At the other end we have the emerging technologies of genetic engineering -- specifically, gene transplantation technologies -- whose primary purpose is to produce a child ... that has certain traits."" He believes that concerns of human cloning "are based on false beliefs about genetic influence and the nature of the individuals that would b...

• Word Count: 1342
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• Grade Level: High School

... falls conceptually between two other technologies. At one end we have the assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization, whose primary purpose is to enable couples to produce a child with whom they have a biological connection. At the other end we have the emerging technologies of genetic engineering -- specifically, gene transplantation technologies -- whose primary purpose is to produce a child ... that has certain traits."" He believes that concerns of human cloning "are based on false beliefs about genetic influence and the nature of the individuals that would b...

• Word Count: 1216
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• Grade Level: High School

... of wisdom that is signified in the play. Coincidentally, Medea is the main character in "Medea", and she was married to Jason. Jason decided later on to divorce Medea after giving her two children. He decided to marry the king Creon's daughter, Creosa, the young beautiful princess. This clearly enraged Medea, ... the play. Medea still knows what comes first though, "women hate war, women may hate husbands, but never hate children." (Medea act I). Jason on the other hand is acting very irresponsible and unwise. Eventually Medea is exiled from Corinth by Creon because he fears that she will...

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... both tryig to achieve the same goal. The puritans thought that by controlling themselves and controlling their neighbor that they would be able to maintain stability with in their society. They would in a sense spy on their neighbor making sure that at the first site of wrong they would be apprehended and taking care of. Even though that this ideology, which is ... and how the puritans reacted to it. Once the puritan society found out that Hester Prynne had committed adultery with the reverend Dimsdale they scared her by making her where letter A on her garments. This was so that everyo...

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... therefore prior events affect future outcomes. Constitutive Luck is the luck of possessing one's own personality, abilities, and desires. Resultant luck has to do with decisions made under uncertainty. Nagel gives an example of someone who must decide whether to start a revolution against a tyrannical regime. He understands that ... only the Germans were subject to it. Thus unique circumstances prone to luck could shape moral judgment. Causal luck has the problems associated with the debate on free will and determinism. As an extension of this, moral luck as a whole seems prone to this d...

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... was a victim of rape. A woman who becomes impregnated by a rape may want to consider abortion as an option. Some may ask if the issue on abortion has to do with the mother's rights or the unborn child's rights. Some people even argue at what point an unborn child or fetus is considered a human being or ... first trimester), the woman's right is unrestricted. The decision to have an abortion is up to the woman in consultation with her doctor or physician. [CITATION Lew13 p 165 l 1033 ] My perspective on abortion is that it is not morally permissible unless it is to save the mother's life....

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• Grade Level: High School

... was necessary, that men must have a certain amount of training and education before he can listen and act intelligently regarding excellence and justice, and that those individuals should never focused on the self, but instead should continually strive to act in the best interests of the greater good (Aristotle, 350 B.C.). It indicates that an individual of good moral character, according to ... Confucius, was one who held family before all else. Also, the concerned with the overall care-taking of humanity, being well educated and always learning, putting each of these three areas befor...

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... a straightforward set of rules or definitive method of outlining our moral duty in each situation is clearly rejected for a different, less precise set of rules with much more room for situational exceptions. Therefore, in regards to moral complexity, virtue ethics applies the notion that there is no predetermined way to react to ... this is the kind of happiness that only comes from a distinct type of character. This is not the same happiness that would come from finding $20 on the ground, from watching your favorite TV show, or from hugging a fluffy kitten. We could refer to this flour...

• Word Count: 1642
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... subscribe to the notion of "situational ethics" because I believe that decision-making should be based upon the circumstances of each situation. For example, laws are written with the purpose to protect society and need to be enforced but the circumstances of each situation need to be evaluated when enforcing laws. A rape victim that shoots and kills ... college justify cheating utilizing situational ethics. The students cheated by copying other people's work on papers and tests, helping someone cheat on a test, fabrication of bibliographies, and using unfair methods to learn the content ...

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... deciding upon abortions, it has no real "backbone". The issue of abortion on a legal basis should purely not be concerned with what the Bible says or the discoveries made by fetologists. Surely the argument is based on what is the ethical decision. Of course this is very broad and vague subject ... and presents itself with many problems instantaneously. For example, how can something " ... ethical" be called universal if we consider cultural relativism and the different people all with their own views and ... that situation ethics is generalized in itself because it has not got an answ...

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... difference between morality as a function of reason from morality as a matter of sentiment and passion. He believes that our morals are based on the way we feel along with the way others feel and our understanding of each of these. Reason and sentiment are said to occur in all moral decisions. Without ... argument stands true in that each of us seeks pleasure in our daily lives, even those of us who gain pleasure from pain itself. If faced with a serious dilemma, each of these philosophers would have different decisions that they would make. Like the trolley problem; if a train is rolli...

• Word Count: 1257
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• Grade Level: High School