... military reconnaissance. The first satellites were used to study the Earth's upper atmosphere and inner space. Today, scientific satellites study a far greater range of objects. The major application of artificial satellites has been to provide long-distance communication links. Telephone companies, cable television stations, newspapers, and magazines use communications satellites to transmit data to various parts ... of the globe. Meteorological satellites use highly sensitive instruments for modern weather forecasting. Navigation satellites use laser-beam signals to determine the exact...

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... , and I'm happy to meet with you to discuss your ideas (or your paper drafts) at any point. The following are lists of possible topics for research papers. Note that neither list is exhaustive: these are a handful of possible topics (to give you some ideas and to give you a sense ... of the sort of topics I'm looking for, but you're welcome to propose a topic of your own. 1. Primary-source-based papers 2. Analysis of a memoir or set of memoirs (most likely ... recent historians have argued that the Soviet military leadership was surprisingly innovative in its approach. Who's right?) 1. T...

• Word Count: 788
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

During the 1900s, Tsar Nicholas II ruled the largest empire in the world of 125 million people. This meant tremendous responsibility and pressure to maintain a balanced and comfortable life for the people of Russia. However, due to his poor decisions and leadership skills, there were numerous events such as Bloody Sunday and World War I that played a key role in the ... was a major factor in the fall of Nicholas II. News of 'Bloody Sunday' swept Russia and suddenly there were protests and uprising all over the empire, creating utter panic for the Tsar. Acts of rebellion flooded the nati...

• Word Count: 950
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 5, 1914, Austria sent a request to Germany, stating that if Russia and Austria were to enter a war, Austria would have Germany's full support. In response to the request for support, Germany sent Austria a reply, informing them that they'd have their backs if that became necessary. On July 23rd of that year, Austria issued an ultimatum to Serbia and in ... a general mobilization of the German mobility. 2. Was the war inevitable prior to June 1914? Support your reasoning? No. Before June of 1914, there was no definitive reason for war. But the assassination of Franz Ferdinand was motivat...

• Word Count: 543
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• Grade Level: High School

... and nomenklatura, fifteen seperate and fully free countries rised.This collapse was celebrated by all the Western countries because they thought that they did this collapse,they were the reason for this monumental failure.But they were faulty,U.S.S.R didn't collapse because of the West,it collapsed because of its bad foundation,and its internal problems.The problems and system had been ... governors raise their potency over the 'proletariat.(S.U Collapsed On Its Own,23).The effects of the policy were no production, no new investments on new industries but big economical loses for state....

• Word Count: 787
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• Grade Level: High School

... allies - Italy and Japan, unexpectedly strong and stubborn enemies, but mainly, as I mentioned before, Hitler's massive miscalculations and failures. So, as I said, till the year 1940 things were going good for Germany. After it's quite successful Blitzkrieg, Germany found itself in quite a succeeded position - it controlled already big part of Europe: Denmark, Holland, N&W France, and Poland were under Germany's control. ... 1941 USSR was invaded. Scared of repeating of Napoleon's mistake, Hitler dismissed his general's insistence upon a direct assault on Moscow and made the Soviet cap...

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... and is about to launch. The focus becomes on why two forward doors are on the side of the nuclear weapons submarine. Jack Ryan, a subcontracted analyst for the CIA runs the pictures past a friend who conteplates the idea of a new "Worm" or jet propulsion that would bring in outside water and compress it ... as a threat to national security. Consequently, the US starts its own search. Jack Ryan is placed inside of the US hunt sub, causing some frustration for its captain as they were in pursuit of the Red October at the time they were told to surface. A series of thrilling and very techni...

• Word Count: 1089
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... provisional government, Lenin had rejected the idea of the Provisional Government. These 10 points included the immediate end to the war, support for the provisional government would stop and the imperialist government would cease to exist. This thesis attacked the Provisional Government, however the Provisional government ... peasants". This proves that Lenin was in touch with the people of Russia and that they were beginning to support him. Support was growing for Lenin and his movement. Lenin ordered Strikes and mass rallies from the people. Lenin also had support from other political...

• Word Count: 775
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... have ever been fought, so the Treaty of Versailles is the most difficult of Treaties that has ever been made . Britain : wanted to make a lasting peace . Wanted money from Germany for the damage they had caused . France : Wanted revenge ( -> Germany ) Wanted to make Germany pay . Wanted Alsace - Lorraine Wanted security , so Germany could never attack France again . Italy : Wanted land ... from Austria ( south Tyrol ) . USA : Wanted a fair peace -> 14 points Structure of the League : The League included principal organs ( the Assembly , the council and the secretariat ) and Technical or...

• Word Count: 1047
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• Grade Level: High School

... This shows that young people from all parts of the political spectrum were making their voices heard. While less radical and violent than the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), their approximate liberal equivalent, YAF was generally a very successful college political organization. Few groups of young people have ... been influential enough to take over a political party and get a candidate nominated for the presidency of the United States, as YAF was able to do with the Republican party and Barry Goldwater in the 1960's. As opposed ... Its supporters would destroy equality of opp...

• Word Count: 970
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... which were: 1.The destruction of the Treaty Of Versailles. This would allow Germany to rearm and regain lost territory. 2.To gain territory (living space) for Germany in eastern Europe. This would a war in order to defeat Soviet Bolshevism. 3.To include all German-speaking people in his proposed "Third Reich", ... , we see that Hitler is prepared to fight in order achieve his objectives. Many of Hitler's policies were achievable only through war; he knew that for him to succeed, Germany must become involved in a European conflict of some sort. Probably the best-known exposition of the l...

• Word Count: 1572
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• Grade Level: High School

... the war after Japan's bombing of Pearl Harbor. They fought to repress Hitler's ideology, preserving their own ideas of democracy, capitalism, and equality for all. Even though the war ended in 1945 shortly following the death of Hitler, the marks that the War had left on the continent and ... two dotted quarter notes in the same spot in the accompaniment. This hemiola pattern creates a more chaotic, unaligned feel, and completes a perfect metaphor for World War II: the precise duple first half representing the beginning of the war, when everyone was happy to support the war effort and fu...

• Word Count: 1089
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 2nd 1917. He went into reign kicking and screaming and left it very resigned and poised. Nicholas became more enamored with the love for a woman than for want of rule. Before his father's death Nicholas fell in love with a Jewess princess. When denied marriage by his father, he ... love of this woman would dominate the actions of Nicholas. Through all the Guardsman drinking parties, and semi-flings, Nicholas was forever waiting for his princess. Radzinsky suggests that Nicholas agreed to take the throne only after being granted permission to marry the Jew princess. Nicholas, through fi...

• Word Count: 1802
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... born in the rich family helps a great deal during the course of your life. You are brought up in the household that provides the best conditions for exploring the world of knowledge. There are no worries about the basic needs like food, shelter or security, and all the resources are provided due to ... school. There will be a little chance that the person will finish high school or even go to college. The family will show little or no support for the higher education, because they will look at the short run problems, they need money now, not four years from now. Secondly, the person will ...

• Word Count: 1143
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• Grade Level: High School

... the first wide-area computer. This experiment proved that computers could work together running programs and retrieving data as necessary on remote machines. In 1966 Roberts put together his plan for ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency). In 1968, the National Physical Laboratory in Great Britain set up the first test network, this encouraged the Pentagon's ARPA to fund a larger project in ... base on which they would build the switch. The physical network was constructed by the end of 1969 during the Vietnam War, linking four nodes: University of California Santa Barbara, Stanfor...

• Word Count: 1841
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... in July of 1940. It was a modest best-seller, and gave JFK his first taste of celebrity. With Harvard behind him, JFK briefly attended Stanford Business School, and, along with most Americans of his age, registered for the draft, in October 1940. His number was called, but he used his status as a student to defer entry into the military until summer 1941 ... early 1960s with sit-ins, strikes, and the famous "freedom rides" across the Deep South. In the fall of 1962, a black student named James Meredith attempted to enroll in the University of Mississippi, sparking massive protests and v...

• Word Count: 8348
• Approx Pages: 33
• Grade Level: High School

... a few missing tiles in even a relatively low temperature area could lead to a fatal chain reaction, with possibly hundreds of them peeling away. "Losing a single tile can do you in," says Stanford University's Elisabeth Pate Cornell, an engineer and risk-management specialist who once led a NASA study about the entire ways shuttle tiles could fail. "Once you have lost the first tile, the ... rained down across 500 square miles of eastern Texas and part of Louisiana. There were no reports of injury. NASA declared an emergency and warned area residents to watch out for falling debris and ...

• Word Count: 633
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• Grade Level: High School

... approach to the management of institutions (2002:10). For example in terms of pastoral development the need for continued interaction, defined user groups and the existence of effective sanctions are all, according to Upton, absent in the Mongolian context following the removal of state control.. Stanford (in Frantkin:1997: 233) posits the mainstream view ... : 1993: 33). Bibliography Asian Development Bank. 2000. Asian Development Outlook 2001". ADB Website, www.adb.org. Asian Development Bank. 1993. "Mongolia: A Centrally Planned Economy in Transition". Oxford University Press, Hong Ko...

• Word Count: 2388
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in modest amounts to additional white universities in the South devoid of too much incidence. James Meredith was attending an African American university called Jackson State College from 1960 to 1962. For this period, he applied time after time to the University of Mississippi short of victory. "Meredith attempted to register four times without success" (Civil Rights Movement). He was ... year of high school in Florida and Meredith also enlisted nine years in the U.S. Air Force. After his application was refused several times, it "prompted the would-be student to write a letter to Thu...

• Word Count: 2157
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... have the technology to make nuclear warheads, many do not due to political pressure. The most common reason for the development of nuclear warheads is to prove a said nation's ability to do so. For example, South Africa developed the technology to produce nuclear missiles, and then dismantled them. (1) In doing so ... war. Rogue nations have upset the balance of power. The mutual deterrence that existed during the cold war, because instead of two parties fighting for the world you now have numerous parties trying to defend their own interests inside of their own area. The globe has been ...

• Word Count: 1452
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Russia such as the three-day-coup of August 1991 by Brezhnev-era hard-liners. These transformations, though painful sometimes, were unexpected and startling. There could be many explanations for why Communism was being abandoned: America's and NATO's successful containment policies; the arms race bankrupting Moscow, and "mostly it was the objective fact that Comm unism is a ... MAD--mutually assured destruction--was achieved and the possibility of the destruction of the whole world became a fact of life. Sakharov continued attending conferences where strategic warfare, the production an...

• Word Count: 4394
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... printing presses (Grey 192). Because of Catherine's guidance the University of Moscow and the Academy of Sciences became inter nationally recognized centers of learning. Catherine's final social reform was in the education system. Among Catherine's more generous achievements was the institution of the first Russian schools for girls and a medical college to provide healthcare for her subjects. Catherine was extremely interested in education ... , she also created a successful nationwide education system of elementary and secondary schooling. Russian education was a failure up to the 1760...

• Word Count: 1123
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... In my opinion, this has two aspects. The one is a neutral aspect, that is, the fact that owing to application of results of scientific-technological development to the field of transportation and communication, it becomes increasingly easy for us to travel, transport goods, transmit information and transfer even money across borders, and consequently the globe became relatively small. ... this field in Russia. d) Poor infrastructure. Poor industry-related infrastructure (roads, railways, ports, communication facilities, airports, electric energy, water, etc.) as well as insufficient buil...

• Word Count: 3602
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... between western thinkers and communists, their conceptions of politics have much obvious difference. The communists have abandoned the realism and basic human psychological facts, which were but a thin disguise for behavior that was idealistic far from practical. Today communism is coming to the end. Suzerain Russia couldn't avoid inducting capitalism and even disorganized USSR then east Europe communism country collapsed ... sensible concept when we are talking about pragmatic politics. The nationalism has variety of meaning and complicated. However the professor of Tokyo national unive...

• Word Count: 2405
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and Aaron Wildavsky in their article "Chronicle of a Collapse Foretold: How Marx Predicted the Demise of Communism (Although he called it "capitalism) they assume that communism had been collapsing for a long time. For many years, it has been difficult to watch the Soviet world of "real socialism" without experiencing the eerie sense of de javu. Consider Poland, in many ways most "developed ... terrible things in and of themselves, but must be used at times for a greater good" (http://www.wowessays.com/dbase/ae4/lmy53.shtml). Moreover, Marx also believes that the people will know the co...

• Word Count: 5382
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate