... its pre-1954 version. He called the pledge a "religious idea that certain people don't agree with." However, the words "under God" should not be taken out of the Pledge of Allegiance. The first reason that the phrase "under God" should not be taken out of the Pledge of Allegiance is because it has been a tradition for almost 50 years ... four different times. Our currency says "In God We Trust," and the pledge taken by new presidents says "so help me God." Since our nation was founded under God, it is only logical that it be stated in the Pledge of Allegiance and all of these things. The ...

• Word Count: 586
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• Grade Level: High School

... superpowers, quickly building a 'Communist Bloc' in Eastern Europe. 4. Elizabeth I Elizabeth was a successful monarch, helping steady the nation even after inheriting an enormous national debt from her sister Mary. Under her, England managed to avoid a crippling Spanish invasion. Elizabeth was also able to prevent the outbreak of a religious or civil war on English soil. She was the first and last ... Italy. 9. Galileo Galilei Galileo was the first scientist to really use the scientific method and put it into the use thus helping the development of the scientific method. 10. Charles Dar...

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• Grade Level: High School

... stealth and secrecy 40 years ago. In the early mornigh hours of August 13, 1961, the top secret top-secret operationwas carried out by the military and police, under the direction of the future head of the German Democratic Republic, Erich Honecker. It was made to stop theflight of GDR citizens, espically skilled workers, to West Berlin. ... how their world became. They remember the fury and the helplessness of suddenly feeling caged in their grey little nation. As the sun peeded over the horizon on a beautigul Sunday morning, most East Berliners sleep, unaware that construction of a wal...

• Word Count: 550
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• Grade Level: High School

... America, he intervened in a Civil War in Panama to foster construction of the Panama Canal. In 1903 Panama signed a treaty for the canal under U.S. sovereignty. He created a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine that prevented the establishment of foreign bases in the Caribbean and gave the United States ... and did this by "fireside chats". Roosevelt's "fireside chats" were a series of radio broadcasts from the president directly to American citizens. On Sunday March 12, he held the first of these chats. In this broadcast, he assured Americans of their ability to contribute in making the econ...

• Word Count: 957
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• Grade Level: High School

... lead the war on terrorism. Those who subscribe to his philosophies have done and will do further damage to our way of life. There are three reasons why the U.S. is a great candidate to spearhead the war on terrorism: not many countries are as able as the U.S. to provide aid ... the top of the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List almost immediately after 9/11. He is responsible for thousands of deaths relating to America from just three incidents. The 1998 U.S. Embassy bombing, Bin Laden and his "colleagues" masterminded all the 2000 U.S.S. Cole bombing, and the Sept. 11th attack. ... These actio...

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• Grade Level: High School

... it came crashing down? After World War II, Germany divided into four sections or zones. While this was meant to be a temporary move, the Cold War interceded and eventually the three western zones combined to form the Federal Republic of Germany while the eastern zone formed the German Democratic Republic. (Sandford) Berlin, the capital was also divided. The two areas of ... Germany, East Germany and West Germany began to experience a deteriorating relationship and conflicts arose. On Sunday August 12, 1961 plans for the beginning of the Berlin Wall were instituted. Led by Erich Honecker...

• Word Count: 861
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... no longer attempt to threaten each other. Perhaps, the policy of Detente, which followed the Cuban Missile Crisis with the interval of a few years, was a result of the Crisis. The heads of government in both countries changed, and they had new view of the Crisis and its impact. Brezhnev of the USSR and Nixon of the USA decided to "warm up ... tough. Only because of Nixon's perception of the USSR, Detente came about. The Presidents who followed did not share his views. Moreover, "New Cold War" and boycott of Soviet Olympics under Reagan, once again proves that Nixon's policy was rather a...

• Word Count: 1074
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• Grade Level: High School

... , Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. The organization contains a military and civilian branch. The civilian branch consists of the NATO countries heads of government or a representative. A secretary-general heads the council and has always been a European. The outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950 convinced the allies that the Soviets might act against Germany. This ... in turn was not only the beginning of the military branch of NATO but an expansion of the organization. The military branch includes three commands, the Allie...

• Word Count: 1078
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... FIGHT IN KOREA? "WHY DID WE FIGHT IN KOREA?" The Korean War took place between the years of 1950 and 1953. The cause of the war was that Korea was under Japanese rule ever since the end of the Chinese-Japanese war in 1895. After World War II, in 1945, Korea was freed from Japan. The United States troops occupied the ... the country and Russian forces took the north. The very first and main reason we entered the war in Korea was because John Foster Dulles, the future Secretary of State under Dwight Eisenhower, said that it would be best if we entered the war. At the time Dulles was a spe...

• Word Count: 978
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• Grade Level: High School

... , especially in threatening situations. The plot is as follows: insane U.S. Air Force General, Jack Ripper (Sterling Hayden), obsessed by his fears of "the communist conspiracy" orders the long range bombers under his command to launch a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union. Only he has the code that will recall the attack. Once the bombers are on their way he seals off ... way about themselves. The satire and irony of all this is that the American military, so mighty and powerful, comes off as goofy, stereotypical, and less than intelligent. They buckle under the pressure, and can not sto...

• Word Count: 867
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• Grade Level: High School

The Korean War took place between the years of 1950 and 1953. The cause of the war was that Korea was under Japanese rule ever since the end of the Chinese-Japanese war in 1895. After World War II, in 1945, Korea was freed from Japan. The United States troops occupied the ... the country and Russian forces took the north. The very first and main reason we entered the war in Korea was because John Foster Dulles, the future Secretary of State under Dwight Eisenhower, said that it would be best if we entered the war. At the time Dulles was a special advisor to the Secretary of State Acheson. Du...

• Word Count: 963
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• Grade Level: High School

... people were told that if Russia or any other communist state had the courage and/or ability to attack us with bombs, that we could just hide under desks or be safe in an under ground shelter. Only few did not believe this was true, so they were arrested and accused of being commies. Because of the Red Scare, the president set ... 1969? Was the moon landing just a Hollywood video? Our suspicion grows! The United States gets involved in the Vietnam War because American policymakers believed that if the entire country fell under a Communist government, Communism would spread throughout Sou...

• Word Count: 1152
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... that helped fuel the situation with the Soviets. Instead of embracing other nations" differences and working together, Americans look down on other nations which, in the case of Stalin, create heads of nations to become suspicious of us. He continues to accurately point out that our lack of sensitivity puts us in a difficult situation in diplomatic matters and does nothing but ... aggravate heads of state and they become more stubborn and less incline to cooperate instead of the other way around. Kennan is not afraid to go against the grade and question our ... ...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... without firing a shot as 5,000 soldiers surrendered. General Fulencia Batista fled from Cuba to the Dominican Republic to escape harms way. The next day a new government is formed. Manuel Urrutia heads the government as president and Jose Miro Cardona is the new prime minister. Five days later on January 7th the United States recognize the new Cuban Government although the CIA ... withdrawn from Cuba where they trained Batista's armed forces. On February 13th Jose Miro Cardona resigns as prime minister which leaves Fidel Castro as the new prime minister. With Cuba under new rule the Uni...

• Word Count: 286
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• Grade Level: High School

... be involved in combat but he didn't refuse to fight when called upon. He maintained his composure every time he was on the battlefield. He made no costly mistakes even under the vicious circumstances of war. Charlie Company was a great group of soldiers. They watched each other's backs and molded themselves into a team of one. This book showed me what the ... alive until you can go home, while your hearing rumors that the war is ending in a few days and you"re going to Hawaii. The Vietnam War screwed up soldiers" heads and it was not even for a worthwhile cause. We were fighting so that...

• Word Count: 994
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• Grade Level: High School

... never mitigate" (Martin Luther King qtd. in The Columbia World of Quotations). August 6, 1945 was the day that World War II took a severe turn with the atomic bomb hitting Hiroshima. Three days later on the 9th, the second bomb hit Nagasaki. The dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a drastic decision made by the United States, which produced ... . Gun then asked Kelly ""Now what are you going to do about it?"" (Gun qtd. in Weaver 1 of 1). The idea of North Korea possessing nuclear weapons has turned a lot of heads and stirred up a lot of controversy. ""The world is t...

• Word Count: 1050
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... an outsider, instead he quietly goes over his plan of attack and possible backup plans with escape routes if things should get ugly. Without event, Jonbo exits the train and heads through the winding cobblestone streets to his final destination codenamed "Objective Fraulein." Once there, he cautiously approaches the front door to his destiny, pulls the flowers from their protective covering ... and knocks three times. As the heavy wooden door slowly opens, a middle-aged woman of medium height appears and warmly smiles and motions the now trembling Jonbo in. Thinking with lightning speed...

• Word Count: 398
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• Grade Level: High School

... outage on the eastern seaboard last year? That was our fault, but sometimes I wonder if we need to be helping these guys with ideas. Ever hear of the novel Black Sunday? Why haven't they tried to use the plot of putting explosives into the gondola on the blimp? Lower the blimp right into the super bowl dome and detonate. Maybe even ... ...

• Word Count: 928
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• Grade Level: High School

... was suddenly and deliberately attacked by the naval air forces of the Empire of Japan...I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Empire of Japan."(1). These words set into motion more then just soldiers, planes, and battleships. They started what ... ...

• Word Count: 551
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• Grade Level: High School

... War; a war against communism. (p. 100, Matray) Despite scholars in the 1970s having access to previously classified U.S documents, schools still teach the orthodox vies. Several scholars such as William W. Stueck Jr, Charles M. Dobbs and James I. Matray all challenge the traditional views that blame the Soviet Union for igniting the Korean War. (p. 102) New discoveries from these documents give evidence of a civil war ... ...

• Word Count: 951
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of convicted communists (D4). Even though people were already frightened enough with the communism aspect of life, there was a threat of going back to war that was hanging over their heads. As if the fear of communism wasn't enough, many Americans had to worry about the United States going back into war. For four decades, American citizens have been faced with ... ...

• Word Count: 657
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... effectively controls all military operations in the Mediterranean. Meanwhile, Milo Minderbinder represents unchecked greed and the dangers of the capitalist urge. (Potts, pp. 73-75) He even paraphrases GM head Charles Wilson by saying, "What's good enough for M&M Enterprises is good for the country."" (Kiley, p. 339) And most of the men are caricatures of mindless flexibility to the will of their ... ...

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... foreign support against Russia, American leaders continued with proud demands, rather than appeals. For example, when "informing" (Doc I) France of the situation, Dean Acheson, an American, got this reply from Charles de Gaulle: "France will support [Kennedy]. However, let the record show that we (the French) are being informed but never consulted in such an issue of so great importance to ... ...

• Word Count: 1161
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... Cuba would be boarded and searched for weapons and weapon parts. The Executive Committee came to no conclusions until Oct. 20. On this day Kennedy made the announcement and the heads of the the Departments of State, Defense, and Justice were drafting the Quarantine Proclamation. The Proclamation stated that all ships bound for Cuba would be boarded and searched and that ... ...

• Word Count: 673
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• Grade Level: High School

... felt that while they were not in Vietnam physically, their minds were still there. This caused them to hear screaming and to see images of the war rolling through their heads, in a condition we now know as post traumatic stress disorder. The protesting that went on while the war raged overseas was, to say the least, intense in itself. The first ... ...

• Word Count: 1118
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School