... their either violent or neutral video game, they were unknowingly measured on the amount of hot chili sauce they added to their food (Hollingdale and Greitemeyer). The idea of the study, which tested if creating a personalized avatar affected violent behaviors, showed that an increased amount of sauce equaled ... chili sauce administered was considerably increased" (p. 1866). Even when controlling for other variables, the results stayed consistent. We have seen again and again studies that show there is an increase of aggression correlated with violence in video games, but more important...

• Word Count: 2700
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... heralded as a landmark work in American literature, the novel received little acclaim upon its release. He followed this with  Pierre(1852), a novel that drew from Melville's experiences as a youth, and the modest success  Israel Potter  (1855). Melville's most significant works outside of "Moby-Dick" include the short stories that he wrote during this time period, including "Bartleby the Scrivener" (1853 ... early as the War of 1812 when Captain  David Porter  raided the Typee Valley and seized Nukuheva in the name of the United States. By hindsight, the unfolding process is seen n...

• Word Count: 2748
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

... use of photo enhancing software such as Adobe Photoshop, artists have discovered entirely new ways of producing artwork. The convenience of change that software such as Photoshop provides gives speed and efficiency to the artist that was never dreamed possible two decades ago. However, endless possibilities do not always make things easier. Inanna McGraw, an artist from Portland Oregon is easily ... , whether hack or luminary, strives to portray to some degree how things are not by means of imitation through the medium of language. (Pehme, p1) Pehme, who has difficulty imagining himself ...

• Word Count: 2964
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

... many photographers to come. Man Ray, Kiki de Montparnasse, Violin d'Ingres, 1924 These industries continued to grow in success. In the 1940's and 50's many of the iconic fashion photographs were produced that change the way photographers create images now. The decades were known for their beautiful ... This had a great impact on the industry for years to come. Creative directors continuously tried to push the boundaries of fashion photography and introducing African American models was one of the biggest changes to the modeling industry in the 70's. Johnson was named "one of ... of the...

• Word Count: 2862
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... The fabric of the "airport experience" was something that continued to walk down a path of insecurity, especially with the eventual shoe and underwear bombing attempts. The fact that the airport was forever changed was unfortunate, but what I have made no mention of yet is the utter ... happen if this window broke? Nothing? Would I die? Would everything be sucked out of the window?" The whole process was very thought-stimulating and I challenged myself often. As it turns out, over the years, I eventually found out what would happen if an airplane window were to be ... broken: Pressuriza...

• Word Count: 3686
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... underground aqueducts proved to be advantageous when they were able to protect themselves from the elements. Covered trenches also are less obtrusive to humans and animals. The next type of structure that was built to transport water was a tunnel. A tunnel was difficult to construct because it usually ... cleanliness of the water was due to sediment tanks, in various parts of the aqueduct system, where the water slowed down and sediments and other contaminants could settle out. Another addition to the system was places where two aqueducts from separate sources could exchange water, bala...

• Word Count: 5087
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: High School

... political stabilization" with the Russians; it was deeply committed to avoiding nuclear war - although Kennedy showed no interested in general disarmament. Meanwhile Black Americans took President Kennedy at his word and pressed for civil rights against racial discrimination. On 20 May, 1963 , "400 federal marshals (government policemen) had to be sent to Montgomery, Alabama, after a peaceful demonstration by ... church where the black leader, Martin Luther King, was preaching. The demonstrators continued despite this when black Freedom Riders, calling for civil rights for blacks, march...

• Word Count: 3259
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... people to the island that Hudson discovered. The thirty French-speaking Protestant families, called Walloons, were to set up a base for privateering and fur trading. The Pilgrims had come to Manhattan Island earlier, which was made possible by the English Virginia Company. In 1626, the population ... New Amsterdam because of the religious tolerance displayed by the Dutch. In spite of many unfavorable factors, many were still lured by the booming and widely available economic opportunities that the new colony offered. A fort was constructed in 1635 just after the building of a great wall,...

• Word Count: 4369
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

... ! Yes, it is music. Nevertheless, many people do not realize that it is much more than that. Hip-hop is a form of art and culture, style and language, an extension of commerce, and for many, a natural means of living. Rap and hip-hop has been plagued by negative connotations of violence since its existence. Whether it is the controversial lyrics or the vicious murders of ... hip-hop go from here? According to Tinu Adeniji-Adele, an eighteen year-old hip-hop fan, "Hip-hop is not only a genre of music; it's a language and a challenging way of life. From the distinct beats, the clothing and...

• Word Count: 2526
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... colloquialisms labeled them as punks. Delighted performers taunted these puritanical autocrats by gleefully embracing what was meant as an insulting, derogatory epithet, and the name "Punk " rock was born. Where punk started is another disputed controversy. One contention is that the punk rock genre ... Christian Death," "45 Grave," "Bad Religion," "Angry Samoans," "The Minutemen," "The Descendants," "FEAR," "Agent Orange," "D.O.A," "The Germs," "Black Flag," and "The Circle Jerks." One band in particular that seemed to ring loud above many of the thousands of others was "Black Flag." G...

• Word Count: 3241
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of severe asthma. He cites statistics showing hospital admissions for asthma at six or more per thousand people in the South Bronx neighborhoods, and 1.8 per thousand statewide in New York. Although residents say they know the asthma epidemic's likely cause is the recently built incinerator nearby ... Kozol stays away from the beneficial actions of city hall because he believes that the benefits are given mainly to the white middle and upper class citizens. He writes irately on how the inspection program for apartment buildings are cut. Two of the children who he ... the heart of the p...

• Word Count: 4415
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: High School

... and they depend on work form their own ethnic community to survive. Although by creating their own little ethnic enclave they can feel safer in numbers, they have people with whom they can enjoy their cultural traditions, understand their ways of life, and speak their language, ... the tend to become secluded from the general population, and not try to become part of the American culture, and learn to speak English. This does limit their ability to find sufficient employment and other opportunities. I spoke with some ... will come to places kind to their bottom lines. Each city is iden...

• Word Count: 3481
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a human being's behaviour. An individual's desire to date the opposite sex is compelled by their ultimate desire to meet a compatible partner and to procreate with them to produce viable offspring. An individual's desire to eat is compelled by their desire to stay alive so that they ... should be. The problem one encounters is that there are a select group of philanthropic selfless individuals out there who do place the benefits and interests of complete strangers or non-family members before even the benefit of themselves. It would be impossible for this idea of fitness ... levels of e...

• Word Count: 2643
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... duty is rightfully hers as the first born. However, this negative reinforcement does not stop her, as she consistently seeks to prove to her tribe and to her grandfather, the current chief, that she does possess the qualities of a leader. Similarly, in the book The Catcher in the Rye by ... transition from adolescence into adulthood plays a vital role in the establishment of each of the protagonists' fates; while a loss in innocence results in Holden and Pai to contemplate their respective destinies, Kathy's realization causes her to succumb to what's in store for her future. Holden is a...

• Word Count: 3123
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... man to integrate the Yankees. Dan Daniels a sportswriter of the day said Howard was chosen "because of his quiet demeanor, his gentlemanly habits and instincts, and his lack of aggressive attitudes on race questions. " (Sullivan 101). When Howard was signed in 1954 the Yankees were one of eight, out ... that their product had created a restricted market, as was the case before integration. In both cases, minorities in the case of integration, and the working class in the case of night baseball, were being withheld from truly experiencing baseball fandom. When these innovations were intro...

• Word Count: 2808
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

... to create an education equal between districts (Kozol, 1991, p. 3). African-American weren't the only race that was experiencing the inequality of education but as well as Latinos and American Indians. Since 1848, Latinos has been experiencing educational repression, which systematically has shut Latinos out of educational opportunities at all, levels (Kozol, 1991, p.7). The American Indians ... their students. While comparing charter schools to public schools, public schools are required by law to educate all children. These public schools are funded through federal, state, and local ta...

• Word Count: 2573
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... because of lurking criminals. In the online City Journal, an article written by George L. Kelling called, "How New York Became Safe: The Full Story: A citywide effort, involving many agencies and institutions, helped restore order ", he mentions that "Nathan Glazer first gave it voice in a 1979 Public Interest article, "On Subway Graffiti in New York, " arguing that graffitists, other ... its mentions that "QOL policing may also prevent potential crimes from occurring. Many cases of murder, assault, robbery, etc. have contributing factors stemming from QOL issues. Illegal card and dice g...

• Word Count: 3152
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

... city ordinances; (for example, individuals who repeatedly violate traffic laws). 2) Payoffs to police by individuals who continually violate the law as a method of making money (for example, prostitutes, narcotics addicts and pushers, & professional burglars). 3) "Clean Graft" where money is paid to police for services, or where courtesy discounts are given as a matter of course to the police. "Police officers have ... believe, but individual examples seem to have grown more outrageous. In March authorities in Atlanta broke up a ring of weight-lifting officers who were charged with rob...

• Word Count: 3118
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

... movements tried to justify their views against alcohol with scientific evidence. Temperance advocates founded the Scientific Temperance Journal after the Civil War. Children's textbooks depicted human organs degenerating from and over abundance of alcoholic beverages being consumed. In the 1870's the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) promoted the use of public education for the cause of temperance. ... of federal convicts during prohibition increased 561 percent. The crime rate increased because "prohibition destroyed legal jobs, created black-market violence, diverted resources ...

• Word Count: 3601
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... movements tried to justify their views against alcohol with scientific evidence. Temperance advocates founded the Scientific Temperance Journal after the Civil War. Children's textbooks depicted human organs degenerating from and over abundance of alcoholic beverages being consumed. In the 1870's the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) promoted the use of public education for the cause of temperance. ... of federal convicts during prohibition increased 561 percent. The crime rate increased because "prohibition destroyed legal jobs, created black-market violence, diverted resources ...

• Word Count: 3601
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... movements tried to justify their views against alcohol with scientific evidence. Temperance advocates founded the Scientific Temperance Journal after the Civil War. Children's textbooks depicted human organs degenerating from and over abundance of alcoholic beverages being consumed. In the 1870's the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) promoted the use of public education for the cause of temperance. ... of federal convicts during prohibition increased 561 percent. The crime rate increased because "prohibition destroyed legal jobs, created black-market violence, diverted resources ...

• Word Count: 3604
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... that makes a persons heart race, racing. There are many kinds of automobile racing throughout the world, Nascar racing, Indy car racing, rally racing, and many others. There is one kind of racing that stands out more than any other, the world of import street racing. The reason that this ... the December 24, 2001 edition, shows the problems of this racing in Florida. "Troopers stopped about 350 cars, many of them juiced-up Hondas and Toyotas, and arrested 172 people in a sting targeting drag racers. Eleven people have been killed in Broward County, Florida in the past two years in drag ra...

• Word Count: 2631
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... without ever revealing vulnerability" (Bourgois, 82). An excellent manager is important to have a successful business. Not only was Ray an outstanding businessman, but he was also reasonable and considerate to his employees without showing his weaknesses, such as not being able to read. Crack dealers are always penniless since they are addicted to drugs just like their customers ... inappropriate actions during their childhood, especially in school. Schooling for children from poor Puerto Rican families was even harder to obtain. Primo's institutional alienation was compounded by the cul...

• Word Count: 3236
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... not until 74 years later, in 1731, that fire brigades were put into service. Following the Revolutionary War, the Department was reorganized and incorporated as the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY). The merit system of promotion in the Fire Department was instituted ... are to be filled by weighing the merits of applicants, those hired should have tenure regardless of political changes at the top of the organizations; and (C) that the price of job security should be a willing responsiveness to the legitimate political leaders of the day- 2 There is no patronage ... statio...

• Word Count: 2887
• Approx Pages: 12

... for the rough trip across the Atlantic- (http://ourladyoftherosary.catholic.org/historic.htm). Charlotte O'Brien immigrated to America in the late 1800's and was very disheartened by what she encountered when she got there. The fortunate young female Irish immigrants were hired for domestic help, but ... a common expression heard among the railroad workers was "an Irishman was buried under every tie." Desperation drove them to these jobs. In the 1870s and 80s the stage Irishman portrayed the Irish as bumbling idiots, erratic, pugnacious drunks. But in theater as in politics the Irish wer...

• Word Count: 2562
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School