... size is determined by NASCAR and varies between 0.875 inches and 1 inch (2.2 to 2.5 cm). Restrictor plates are placed between the carburetor and the intake manifold to reduce the flow of air and fuel into the engine's combustion chamber, thus reducing horsepower and speed. Restrictor plates were implemented in 1988 following Bobby Allison's crash into a retaining fence at 210 mph (338 kph ... , then he was obviously faster than that vehicle. The new aerodynamics and restrictor plate allow this to not necessarily be true. A car in front of several others is breaking the air; the cars behi...

• Word Count: 1404
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• Grade Level: High School

... road, SMOG will be less of a problem and the environment, ex. trees and plant, will not have to work as hard to clean the air; slowly the planet might be able to recover from the centuries of damage caused by gas-powered automobiles and many other polluting machines. Motor vehicles emit ... reactions in the atmosphere. The emissions that come out of a vehicle depend greatly on the fuel that goes into it. Consequently, programs to control air toxics pollution have centered around changing fuel composition as well as around improving vehicle technology or performance. One of the first, a...

• Word Count: 2044
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... gods creation and we will urge the faithful to buy them." (Porretto 3D) pollution produced from internal combustion engines powered by petroleum-based fuels. These engines "emit significant amounts of air pollutants, air toxins, and carbon dioxide. The health effects of these pollutants range from headaches to serious respiratory damage such as lung cancer" (Kushnir 12). Luckily, gasoline is not our only ... choice of fuel. Research of hydrogen has been occurring ever since the beginning of the 15th century when "Paracelsus noted that when iron reacts with sulfuric acid, "an air arises ...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... make the certain steps in cleaning up our planet. III. Economic/Social Effects of Automobile Pollution Automobiles can be blamed for the majority of the air pollution easily. When looking at the top five contributors of air pollution, automobiles are responsible for three of them. The most important, being carbon monoxide is released from the exhaust along with many other pollutants and ... can lead to death. Nitrogen oxides also play a part in the destruction of the ozone. Due to the high pressure in the automobile's engine, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the air react and form this nitr...

• Word Count: 1416
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... the world are very dangerous to live in because of car pollution. One city is Athens, Greece. In Athens the number of deaths rises on days with greater air pollution. Just breathing the air in Bombay is the same as smoking half a pack of cigarettes a day (97Brown). Over 150 million people in the United States live in areas where the Environmental Protection ... Agency considers the air to be unhealthy. The American Lung Association says, "The unhealthy air leads to 120, 000 deaths every year" (97 Brown). The citizens of earth are killing themselves. They are killing themselves for conve...

• Word Count: 1466
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• Grade Level: High School

... EPA's recently establish regulations. Hydrocarbon is a collective term for the several combinations of hydrogen and carbon that cause environmental problems. Also known as "air toxins" these compounds cause lung irritation, cancer, birth defects, and a unique problem concerning the formation of ozone smog in the lower of the ... UK 2001). Last environmental measure that is taking place as we speak is Denver Colorado's volunteer repair and retirement program designed by the Regional Air Quality Council (RAQC) and funded by Total Petroleum Inc. Since it is now known that 20% of the older ca...

• Word Count: 2418
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... by vehicles and pollution of our environment. The United States government has taken some action to control this problem by implementing The Clean Air Act in 1970. This act gives primary responsibility for mobile source pollution control to the Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA has made considerable ... the best solution to both of the problems above is the implementation of the fuel cell vehicle. Fuel cells vehicles do not pollute the air at all. These vehicles are also known as hybrid vehicles. In comparison to the internal combustion engine, which burns gasoline to produce ene...

• Word Count: 1440
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... breathe oxygen every day in order to survive. Since Cambodia is a developing country, its citizens still use rusty old cars that generate much smoke in the air. If Cambodia is covered in poor air quality the air filled with carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and other contaminants, people, according to Environment and Human Health, Inc., (EHHI), as the whole nation are more likely to ... come to take the buses, it will need only 100 buses to travel people to their destination like schools, workplaces, or markets. Consequently, it helps improve the quality of the air and helps people av...

• Word Count: 1296
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• Grade Level: Graduate

... pickups and Yukon/Yukon XL sport utility vehicles. These vehicles may have a condition in the air bag sensing and diagnostic modules that could interfere with the timing and sequence of air bag deployment signals. This could of resulting in the non-deployment of driver and passenger side air bags during certain frontal collisions. The second recall involves approximately 150,000 model years 2002 ... and 2003 Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac cars and trucks built between May and July 2002. These vehicles may have driver's side air bag inflator modules that could f...

• Word Count: 2382
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• Grade Level: High School

... wheel, windscreen, or dash board. In 1998 all new cars that were sold in the US had to have air bags on both driver and passenger side (dual air bags). In 1999 all light trucks sold in the US had to have dual air bags also. NHTSA reports that depending on what type of vehicle, airbags reduce occupant fatalities by 30 to 35 ... , such as shock absorbers, batteries, brake pads and shoes and exhaust systems; routine engine or transmission malfunctions that provide 912436 6 ample warning of failure through noise, vibration and fluid leakage; air conditioners and radios that don't work proper...

• Word Count: 1408
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... make the certain steps in cleaning up our planet. III. Economic/Social Effects of Automobile Pollution Automobiles can be blamed for the majority of the air pollution easily. When looking at the top five contributors of air pollution, automobiles are responsible for three of them. The most important, being carbon monoxide is released from the exhaust along with many other pollutants and ... can lead to death. Nitrogen oxides also play a part in the destruction of the ozone. Due to the high pressure in the automobile's engine, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the air react and form this nitr...

• Word Count: 1368
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• Grade Level: High School

... and force delays in same-road building projects (qtd. in Shaver, A4). Officials expect the amount of nitrogen oxide in the D.C. region's air to be eight tons per day over the limit of 162 tons by 2005. Officials admit that there is no way to make up eight ... one is already in place? The whole pollution situation becomes worsened when a lot of gas is consumed at once, putting more pollution in the air. A good number of scientists link pollution problems to global warming. The ozone layer has already been seriously depleted. The increased pollution does not help ... some new inventions...

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... of the most elegant cars of the period, a 1918 Milburn Electric. In the 1960's and 1970's a handful of electric car manufactures started to reappear because of the increasing concern about air pollution and a depleting supplies of petroleum. In the late 1970's and 1980's, manufactures started developing electric cars called hybrids. These cars have all the components of the electric cars plus ... scene - and even dominate certain vehicle markets." Advantages/Disadvantages: There are many advantages to driving an electric car. First, they produce no exhaust pollutants, so their widesprea...

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... changed as methods of transportation has changed throughout history. Automobiles are responsible for more than half the airborne pollution in the western world. Many plans are being developed to control air pollution. Pollution controls devices for cars have also been developed. For example, catalytic systems were installed in many car exhaust systems in the 1980s. These devices change dangerous gases into ... harmless carbon dioxide and water. They also burn up much of the exhaust with fresh air in a chamber near the exhaust pipe. The car of the future will need new designs which make ...

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... our future generations but nevertheless don't act upon this feeling. We continue to rape our rain forests of their very life, we buy huge sport utility vehicles that pollute our air like the factories of the industrial revolution, and at the same time endlessly pollute our lakes, rivers, and oceans. And for what reason you ask? Well it's very simple, for ... price is passed onto the consumer, but it will also cause dealerships to push car manufactures to produce more fuel-efficient vehicles. And by creating more fuel-efficient vehicles the air quality will also increase also causing les...

• Word Count: 1282
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... on the US. It seems that an article about pollution can always be found in morning newspaper. The automobile is the chief contributor to air and noise pollution. Some cities have become unbearably loud. Although noise is annoying, air pollution is dangerous to many of Earth's inhabitants. It was once estimated that seventy percent of smog is produced by motor vehicles. Many ... species of plants have become endangered or are now extinct due to air pollution. Sulfur-dioxide (contained in automobile emissions) exposure is the third leading cause of lung disease.6 Large numbers of highway ...

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... devices that were first invented during World War II and appeared in automobiles in 1980s. ("How Airbags Work, 1") "Since model year 1998, all new cars have been required to have air bags on both driver and passenger sides." ("How Airbags Work, 1") There are three parts to an airbag to make it work: first, airbag itself is made of a thin, nylon fabric ... wipers help us to see in rain, or snow keeping our windshields clear. New aerodynamic wiper arms are introduces to make wipers "stick" to the windshield by the flow of air. Modern cars are packed up with a lot of electronic safety devi...

• Word Count: 1255
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... rely on internal combustion technology. A major problem with fuel efficiency is the technology in today's engines is nearly a century old. In a rather primitive sequence of events, a mixture of gasoline and air is sprayed into a cylinder. This is compressed by a piston and at an optimal point in the compression stroke; a spark plug creates an electrical spark that ignites the fuel. The combustion ... of the fuel results in a generation of heat. This produces the hot gases in the cylinder at a higher pressure than the fuel-air mixture, thus driving the piston down. The need for a viable ...

• Word Count: 1287
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... have come a long way. Today's cars come standard with something's that were considered luxuries not just 10 years ago. For example, air conditioning only came standard in cars starting in 1987 when an engineer came up with a way to create air circulation in cars at the dispense of its gas rather than it battery. Cars today have been made to get you ... gas is converted into energy that moves the wheels of the car. (2) This is a picture of a Nitrogen powered car with its inventors. As nitrogen gas is the main element in air, and pure nitrogen gas is the only product of the reaction invol...

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... industry. The partnership aims to create affordable, midsize passenger vehicles that will achieve 80 mi per gallon (three times greater than the average achieved in 1994) or better, and reduce air pollution (El-Messidi, Automobile Industry)". This goal set by Bill Clinton set the tone for new technologies. An array of new technology is coming into the playing field in attempt ... is on the cutting edge. Fuel cells will one day take over the market of cars. "A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen fuel and oxygen from the air to produce electricity, heat and water...

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... on whether they were set at the correct level. New technology and improvements in vehicles made it hard to keep the existing regulations current. In 1990, Congress passed a new Clean Air Act, with higher tailpipe emissions standards for cars and light trucks, which limited opportunities for fuel-economy improvement. Along with the smaller, more fuel-efficient car, came a growing concern for ... 's. This is a consistent figure compared to other highway safety researchers. Although in recent research the amount of fatalities in compact car accidents has decreased, because of new technology...

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... is a container that is filled with platinum beads that attract harmful gasses to them (Pon,62). This helps reduce the amount of toxic gasses that leave the exhaust into the air. Also during the mid 1970's insurance went soar high and people couldn't afford to pay the insurance on their Corvettes, because since they had such high horsepower and they were ... they made a new induction for the engine. They called it a cross-fire engine, because the induction went to each cylinder across from each other. Induction is where the fuel and air are mixed right before it goes in the cylinder (Pon...

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... seatbelt (George Mucalov). Wearing your seat belt also sets a good example towards younger children. If they see you wearing your seat belt, then they are going to wear theirs too. Air bags are a great invention, but without seat belts, they are almost useless. The seat belt keeps you in place so that you don't just slide under the ... air bag. Also, without the seat belt, you will be thrown around inside of the car or you could be ejected. Seat belts are probably the greatest thing they could have ... ...

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... quickly, disappear back into the long brush on the other side of the road. At the top, sounds of baseball begin to fill the air. The seams on the baseball make a whistling noise as it cuts through the air, and the impact of the baseball slaps the malleable leather of my glove, shooting a subtle burning sensation through my fingers. My father's instructions ... ...

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... the number of car owing by each individual. The policies that intervene market have both advantages and disadvantages. By controlling the number of people using cars could help reduce the air pollution. Moreover, more people will turn to use more public transportation and this will increase country's GDP. However, the policies also have disadvantages. The automobile industry will lose a lot percentage ... ...

• Word Count: 1559
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• Grade Level: High School