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Evolution Of Organizations


            According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the definition of an Organization is, "an arrangement of individuals or groups into a coherent whole, with a complex of functional interrelationships and a system of overall administration." This can be further simplified to mean that an organization is any group of people who come together under a set of rules or boundaries in order to achieve some specific goal. This goal can be either social in nature or to achieve certain tasks which will lead to benefits for all the members of that group. .
             Since the dawn of humanity, people have in one way or another formed organization in order to receive additional benefits by working as a collective whole rather than as individuals. If we look at pre-historic times, human beings used to live together as small groups in villages or families, which in a simple sense can be referred to as an organization. The men used to hunt, the women raised children and cooked, while the elders taught the young and passed on their wisdom for future benefits. This system allowed each member to benefit from what the other was doing and also benefit others from his or her actions. If we look at a modern day organization, we can still see the same basic principle as the one used in pre-historic times, with the only difference being that now the organization has become bigger and more complex in nature.
             The modern day organization may be seen as a system which has come about or evolved to its present state due to numerous changes that took place throughout history. Although it would be a lengthy task to describe each and every change or evolutionary process through which organizations have passed, it would be easier to break down the evolution into four main eras or time periods. First we will look at the first form of modern day organization take form in ancient Rome. Next, we will see how the organization took further form in medieval times, followed by the Industrial revolution and finally the organization as it is in modern times.


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