According to Rickard and Hyma, "England's natural resources enabled her to outdistance her rivals. " They had large deposits of coal which Eric Evans said was found in "The coal seams of South Wales, East Midlands, South Yorkshire, the North East and Scotland's central valley. The coal was used to fuel railways and was also used in iron and steel production. Rickard and Hyma said, "Coal and iron went hand in hand with steam as the foundation of industrialization." ".
The fourth internal factor was England's technological advancements. The steam engine was created by James Watt in 1763 and it revolutionized transportation and manufacturing. According to Richard and Hyma, "The steam engine soon largely displaced water wheels and windmills. It facilitated and made necessary the production of great quantities of coal and iron. In 1807, Robert Fulton invented the steam ship. This made crossing to the Atlantic much easier and helped in the exportation of manufactured goods and the importation of raw material for industries in Britain. In 1825, George Stephenson invented the railway and railroads. It facilitated the industrialization of England by revolutionizing the transportation of people and materials. It even became an item of export. Rickard and Hyma stated, "The steam boat and locomotive were the forerunners of modern transportation. "The last internal factor that England had was its political advantages. The insularity of England kept it safe from many European conflicts and therefore industrial development was not interrupted by war like so many other European countries. Rickard and Hyma declared, "England had achieved a high degree of national unity and political stability than other European countries. ".
The internal factors alone could not fuel the Industrial Revolution. It also needed the external factors to complete the Industrial Revolution. The first external factor was that the capital from the slave trade led to the growth of industries and banks throughout England.
