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The change of politics in France was influencing the changes that would occur in Haiti. In 1791, a group of black leaders initiated a slave rebellion against the colonial administrators who refused to follow the National Assemblies orders; allow citizenship and the right to vote to those mulattoes who owned land and paid their taxes. This rebellion led to even more discrimination and political chaos all across Haiti. Black slaves were fighting their white masters, mulattoes fought white administrators and black royalist fought white republicans and mulatto republicans. Few leaders surfaced from these wars such as Francois-Dominique Toussaint Louverture. He was a black slave to a family that had taught him to be a house servant, but also provided him with an education. Thus, making him one of the very few Haitian leaders who could read and write. Toussaint was an inspiration to the hundreds of slaves and free mulattoes who were revolting. Laurent Dubois writes about Louverture's successful battles against the French and discusses how he formed his own army and inspired many others to join him. He displayed an impressive talent for devising and leading militaristic strategies that would help the groups insurgency become one of the most successful revolts.
During the Spanish American wars of independence, 1808-1833, the term caudillo began being used to describe political leaders. They were typically generals who lead private armies, and used their military strength to gain more power in the new independent states. Caudillos who came to the position after winning the independence of a new country, had to win over their armies and the citizens so that they may gain favoritism from them. One of the most popular caudillos in Latin America was Simón Bloívar, who led Venezuela to their independence. Other examples of men who were caudillos would be José Páez and Porfirio Díaz.
