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Peer to Peer

            Probably the most controversial and topical issue in technology-related ethics today is the issue of peer-to-peer file sharing. Peer-to-peer file sharing technology poses many legal and ethical questions. Does sharing copies of legally purchased music CD's constitute theft? While the technology itself isn't to blame for the illegal distribution of copyrighted material, do the providers of such technologies have an ethical responsibility to ensure that their networks aren't enabling its distribution? Are they, in fact, aiding and abetting criminals when providing peer-to-peer networks? Are companies like Sony Electronics encouraging theft when they sell MP3 players?.
             Probably the most famous case in the war against peer-to-peer technology was the lawsuit against Napster. Napster was a service that opened in 1999, the dawn of the Internet, really, and allowed users to share MP3's. In late 1999 eighteen record companies sued Napster for copyright infringement. Napster argued that sharing songs via it's service was fair use since people were using the songs for personal and not commercial use. Napster also argued that the company itself did not keep copies of MP3's on its servers, but only allowed other to share their MP3's. After more than a year in court Napster lost. Since the Napster case there are literally dozens of Napster clones that currently operate on the Internet. Like the Hydra of Greek mythology, if you take don't one service three more spring up in it's place. .
             The controversy surrounding this issue continues. In September 3003 the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) announced that it had filed the first wave of what could ultimately be thousands of civil lawsuits against people who have been illegally distributing copyrighted music on peer- to-peer networks. In one case they chose to sue a twelve-year old girl. Additionally, the RIAA has recently announced a plan to offer "amnesty" to file-sharers who sign admissions of guilt.


Essays Related to Peer to Peer

1. Peer Pressure On College Students

... team, or even joining a fraternity. Students might also encounter the pressure to skip class, or go out partying late at night because they want to fit in with their peers. Peer pressure in some cases can be good, because it can motivate the student to do positive things. The pressure can get a student to try harder at getting good grades because he or she wants ... to fit in with their peers that are getting good grades. Students might ... a negative effect because it affects the pupil's grade in school. In these cases, peer pressure causes negative outcomes. In conclusion, I think th...

  • Word Count: 392
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: High School

2. Quantitative Review on Peer Tutoring

... of students with and without disabilities. Summary The purpose of the experimental research design conducted by Kimberly McDuffie, Margo Mastropieri, and Thomas Scruggs was to examine several factors; the effects of a peer-tutoring intervention on the academic achievement amongst students with and without disabilities, differences in students' academic achievement between co-taught and non-co-taught settings ... special education teachers, one instructional assistant, and one substitute teacher. A total of eight inclusive science classes (four co-taught/ four non- co-taught) were random...

  • Word Count: 775
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

3. Adolescents and Peer Groups

... in groups. When children take steps into the stage of adolescence, they spend a large amount of time with their friends as compared to their parents. Peer group is a group of people who are equal in some way. Those in a peer group have the same status and are about the same age. In words Wikipedia it is both a social and primary group of ... these same features is a force of social dynamism which is called homophile. The beliefs, behavior and attitudes of these peer group show a large scale of outcomes-homogeneity, good chatting, sometimes smoking and drug abuse as compared to student bo...

  • Word Count: 1352
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. Peer Pressure in Adolescence: How Far Will They Go?

... asked if they would jump off a bridge because their friend did, would do it. The studies and articles I will present examine the effects of peer pressure under different circumstances and perspectives. I would like to see what peer pressure is exactly, and if it is does more harm or good. Do adolescences make their own decisions most of the time, or is it ... a reflection of their peers? What is Peer Pressure? First of all, it is important to have some background information on peer pressure. Some studies and articles presented peer pressure as something that was not harmful, even helpf...

  • Word Count: 1661
  • Approx Pages: 7
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5. Peer Pressure

... .doitnow.org/pagews/63.html). Peers come from your school, your church, your neiboorhood, and often from a sport you might play. Peer pressure is positive when friends tell children to join an activity, such as playing sports, going camping, and going to a community meeting. (www.ianr.unl.edu/pubs/family/nf21/.html). When a teenager's friend does not put a whole lot of pressure on ... them, then it is going to be positive. Negative peer pressure is a friend that tries to make decisions and choices that affect your life in a bad way. Teens try to fit in with their friends who all ways try...

  • Word Count: 426
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

6. How to Bake Bread

... that have CD quality sound but are relatively small in size. This small file size makes them easy to transfer over the internet. The easy accessibility of these cost free files makes peer to peer file sharing very popular. The general public does not realize that peer to peer file sharing has moved past the exchange of digital music and into other entertainment mediums. Along with MP3 ... users. After the searcher finds the desired MP3 file, he clicks "download now" and he will be automatically sent the music file thus completing the peer to peer file sharing. When connected to Napster,...

  • Word Count: 826
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: High School

7. peer pressure can be good

... we look at those with whom he or she associates Before teenagers can learn when to say "no" to peer pressure, they must learn exactly what they are rejecting, and why.. . However, carefully looking at the two words, "peer" and "pressure," shows that good can also exist The need to fit in and feel like part of the group peaks during early adolescence. So teens ... crowd". This is how we learn to accept social norms; that is, how we are expected to act in the world in order to be good people. . Peers provide an opportunity for teens to meet their needs, to feel capable, to belong, to be r...

  • Word Count: 435
  • Approx Pages: 2

8. Peer Pressure

... drinking, smoking cigarettes, smoking pot, having early sex, using drug, etc But they do it anyway because everyone does it. The whole world is full of peer pressure. Every time people go out, they have to get wasted; otherwise, they won't have fun or spend a good time. That's the way of thinking of many people, especially, teenagers. It doesn't mean adults don ... 't think that way too, but in teenagers the most common cause is peer pressure. If someone goes to a party and is not doing what others are, like drinking or smoking, then people start calling them morons or stupid, etc ... P...

  • Word Count: 779
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: High School

9. Peer Ppressure Can Be Good

... we look at those with whom he or she associates Before teenagers can learn when to say "no" to peer pressure, they must learn exactly what they are rejecting, and why.. . However, carefully looking at the two words, "peer" and "pressure," shows that good can also exist The need to fit in and feel like part of the group peaks during early adolescence. So teens ... crowd". This is how we learn to accept social norms; that is, how we are expected to act in the world in order to be good people. . Peers provide an opportunity for teens to meet their needs, to feel capable, to belong, to be r...

  • Word Count: 433
  • Approx Pages: 2

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