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History of Tapestries


French tapestries in the eighteenth century were elegant and romantic. The painter Francoise Boucher (1703-1770) painted many cartoons depicting love scenes in pastoral settings, which were worked as tapestries at Beauvais. His style was used for many tapestries produced during this period throughout Europe. Interior decoration became very elaborate during the second half of the eighteenth century with the use of more furniture, and the addition of mirrors, and wallpaper. Traditional European tapestry makers were struggling to exist towards the end of the eighteenth century. The nineteenth century saw mainly commissions for civic buildings, hotels, and art galleries. The Windsor Tapestry Factory, which opened in 1876, became the Royal Windsor Tapestry Manufactory in 1882, which was an attempt to revive the tapestry weaving industry. It supplied the Crown with wall hangings, but since the tapestries were very expensive for the English population the manufactory closed in 1890. .
             The Industrial Revolution at the turn of the twentieth century brought the formation of the Arts and Crafts Movement, led by British designer William Morris (1834-1896). William Morris founded the firm Morris, Marshall, Faulkener and Co. in 1861, which became .
             Morris & Co. in 1875. He produced designs for wallpaper, tapestries, and carpets. All his tapestry designs were inspired by Flemish examples from the medieval period. The first tapestries produced by Morris & Co. were made on looms at Merton Abbey in London. One of his best known tapestries is Pomona, which was woven in 1890. The figure personifying autumn was designed by Edward Burne Jones (1833-1898) and the background and border was designed by William Morris. The Merton Abby workshop, producing hand-made tapestries, managed to survive for 60 years. Today, modern, mechanized jacquard looms, using the same techniques as those used in centuries past, produced reproductions of traditional tapestries.


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