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Animal cloning

            
             Animal cloning can be done at two different stages; these are embryo cloning and adult cloning. This is done as mammals do not reproduce asexually as they are too complex, yet this makes cloning very difficult.
             Some feel than any type of cloning is unethical and unjust and others may argue that it is less unethical if an embryo is cloned as it is not yet alive but many people have different views on when life starts.
             The first method, embryo cloning is done as shown below-.
             Select a subject to clone which has very good statistics and features and is healthy to clone.
             Remove eggs and sperm from each of the male and female subject and allow fertilisation to occur in a glass Petri dish also known as IN VITRO FERTILISATION.
             Select one fertilised healthy egg which is in it's 16 cell stage of development, all the cells will be identical due to mitosis.
             Obtain eggs form another subject, remove the nucleus and replace with the nucleus removed from one of the cells in the 16 cell stage embryo. Repeat this 16 times to produce DIPLOID EGGS.
             Allow these modified eggs to divide to the 16 cell stage embryos.
             Then finally place each embryo into the uterus of surrogate mothers who are not the real mother.
             Then once the new animals are born they will be genetically identical.
             The other method is adult cloning this is done as shown below-.
             Select a suitable subject with good features to be cloned.
             Remove an unspecialised cell from the udder region of this animal.
             Remove an egg from subject 2.
             Remove an egg and nucleus from this egg and replace it with the diploid nucleus from subject 1.
             Allow this egg to its 16 cell embryo stage the place in uterus of surrogate sheep.
             Then when the new animal is born it will be identical to sheep 1.
             There are many advantages and disadvantages of cloning animals and also ethical issues.
             Advantages-.
             Select only the best animals to survive i.e. best milk producing cows.


Essays Related to Animal cloning

1. The Debate Over Cloning

... creation of transgenic animals "into a profitable, industrial process, ethicists, geneticists, agriculturists and animal welfare activists are warning that the new technology could encourage serious abuses of animal welfare It would be dangerous, they say, to allow the cloning of transgenic animals without first tightening up animal welfare regulations."" "Current laws on transgenic animals are remarkably nonspecific. In the US, once an ... Anti-Vivisection Society says that " scientists will clone animals that produce more milk and meat simply as a means of improving profits."" Breslin...

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2. cloning

... science must always be free to go where it wishes to go-. Using information about genetics and cloning, scientists could learn what causes many yet incurable diseases and apply their knowledge to improve people's lives. Human and animal cloning would benefit humanity in many ways. Cloning allows for reproduction of livestock and wheat in order to feed countries that are unable to produce ... the food. Cloning is a way to end world hunger and create a stable economy. It also makes it possible to ... human embryos. Geron Corporation, which received the patent, says is has no intention of ...

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3. Cloning Essay - For or against?

... patents, but Michael Bishop thinks the key breakthrough was when they established a genetically stable cell line to serve as the beginning of cloning. As part of the criticism of the research, the concern was raised that when an animal was cloned over and over some genetic flaws would emerge. However, the ABS team claims that they are able to repair or ... new process could also speed the development of genetically engineered cows -- for example, those that produce pharmaceuticals in their milk." (Daniel Pendick, August 16, 1997) While using cloning, scientists are able to genetically al...

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4. Cloning

... but is it really ethical to kill 15 might be babies before one is born? The risk factors of human cloning are too high and cloning of humans should be banned for now. There are many positive uses for animal and human cloning. First for animal cloning we could grow human organs that we could use for transplant. The organs could be healthier and better than ... those used in regular transplants today. Another use of animal cloning would be done by inserting a human gene into a cell and then performing nuclear transplantation we could get animal that is born with factor IX. Factor IX is a ...

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5. Human Cloning

... the sheep, said he was just trying to modify sheep to produce valuable drugs in their milk. Other scientists said the technique could be used to create animal models for human disease for scientific study. Cloning might also be used to genetically alter pigs so their organs could be transplanted to humans (Science). Related to humans in terms of being a mammal, Dolly ... damaged, spinal cord cells, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys could be produced. There are enough potential medical benefits derived from the cloning of human, however, any potential benefits that are expected through ...

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6. Human Cloning

... the sheep, said he was just trying to modify sheep to produce valuable drugs in their milk. Other scientists said the technique could be used to create animal models for human disease for scientific study. Cloning might also be used to genetically alter pigs so their organs could be transplanted to humans (Science). Related to humans in terms of being a mammal, Dolly ... damaged, spinal cord cells, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys could be produced. There are enough potential medical benefits derived from the cloning of human, however, any potential benefits that are expected through ...

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7. Human Cloning

... . The resulting organisms are identical twins (clones) containing DNA from both the mother and the father. Dolly, on the other hand, is the result of another type of cloning that produces an animal carrying the DNA of only one parent. Using somatic cell nuclear transfer, scientists transferred genetic material from the nucleus of an adult sheep's udder cell to an egg whose ... . Alterations have included adding genes (such as those for human proteins) to create drug-producing animals as well as inactivating genes to study the effects and possibly create animal models of human diseases. Cl...

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8. Cloning and the Recent Advances of Science

... many components that span a vast spectrum for producing another living being. Mainly, human and animal cloning are the two that are widely talked about. There are, however, many controversial topics associated with cloning and its effect on the human race. Because "cloning" is sometimes hard to identify, one can learn be applying their knowledge of it's components and what has been achieved so far ... . Cloning has been a controversial subject for some time and is only starting to be clearly defined by the masses. There are two distinct sides of cloning: animal and human. Animal cloning ...

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9. Cloning

... people or allow the production of plant life were cultivation is not possible. However, others would argue that animal rights are violated when doing research and testing on animals. It took 277 attempts in order to successfully clone dolly the sheep. The idea of cloning brings about fear that animals and humans who are cloned may be owned, labeled, sold, and copyrighted ... science must always be free to go where it wishes to go". Using information about genetics and cloning, scientists could learn what causes many yet incurable diseases and apply their knowledge to improve people's li...

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10. Cloning

... highly effective vaccines. This approach could greatly benefit the developing world," commented Charles J. Arntzen, president, Boyce Thompson Institute (Food Biotechnologies-Benefits for developing countries). Animal cloning technology allows scientists to transfer human genes into animals so they produce proteins to treat human diseases. Animal cloning also allow scientists to create better models to study such unexplained subjects like Parkinson's disease. Xenotransplantation is another way ... for human organ transplantation. With the shortage of donated organs for transplant, xenotr...

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