Still. he was forced to resign from his post because of Yuan Shikai, who organized the abdication of the Qing emperor in return for his own appointment as president. At that time, a new revolutionary party Guomindang was formed. This party believed in parliamentary democracy and the principle of electing the officials. Yuan disagreed with GMD's ideas and outlawed it in 1913. One year later WWI broke out in Europe and Japan took advantage of the outbreak. By 1915, Japan invaded Quindao and confronted Yaun Shikai with a list of twenty-one demands. These demands were not only exceptionally harmful to the economy but they were also seen as extreme humiliations to the Chinese people. Meanwhile, the central government came under the rule of Gen. Yuan Shikai, who died in June 1916 before he could consolidate his power as Emperor. After Yuan Shikai death, Sun Yatsen took over the nation. He promoted modernization and the "revolt against obedience." When the WWI ended the Chinese assumed their allies would reward them. In 1919, when at Versailles the allies decided not to reward China, the people were outraged. Due to rejection of the reward, they developed a New Culture movement, which was pro democracy and education, but rejected Confucianism and "the old ways." Furthermore, they declined the democratic systems of Great Britain and France(1).
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) .
A rebellion, called May 4th Movement took place, demanding a more Socialist system. At this stage, the Soviet regimes and their withdrawal from the war started to appear to the Chinese. Two years after the Treaty of Versailles, in 1921, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was set up in Benijing and Paris, with leaders Mao Zedong and Chou Enlan(2). .
In sum, the Chinese had lived in insecure conditions, of which some are due to major problems and disruptions after European penetration in early nineteenth century. Therefore, the people were looking for a government, which would bring solutions and put a final end to their struggle.
