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Evolution



             evolution of life to be the most stubborn problem t!.
             hat confronts us - the weakest link in our argument [for the origin of life]."(Wald,1967). .
             Mendel's Laws explain most of the physical variations observed in living things. Genes, the genetic units of .
             heredity, are merely reshuffled from one generation to another, but new genes are never formed. Different .
             combinations create variations, but these variations are limited. Each cow, person, dog, etc. has variations, .
             but the genetic units do not permit dog-people, or cow-dogs. Breeding experiments by competent .
             biologists confirm that these boundaries exist.(Fix,1984). Since mutations are the only mechanism .
             (according to Darwin) by which new genetic material becomes available, then mutations must have .
             occurred regularly to have spawned all our present life forms, and further, mutation must consistently go .
             from simple to complex to have gotten us out of the primordial ooze. However, many noted biologists, .
             including C.P. Martin and Theodosius Dobzhansky (who mutated the fruit fly), consistently report that .
             mutation does produce hereditary changes, but "invariably affec!.
             t it (the organism) adversely."(Salisbury, 1969). All animals are born with complex organs (the human .
             brain has over a hundred thousand billion electrical connections), and further, all animals are born with .
             fully developed organs. If evolution were occurring, at some point people could expect to see a reptile .
             whose leg was becoming a wing, but they never have. Darwin himself attempted to answer a question put .
             to him by Harvard biology professor Asa Gray, regarding the eye, and whether the "inimitable contrivances .
             for adjusting the focus to different distances, and for the correct ionospherical and chromatic aberration, .
             could have been formed by natural selection. This seems. absurd in the highest degree."(Darwin,1927). .
             Genetic and molecular biologists can now measure the degree of similarity between most forms of life by .


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