evolution of life to be the most stubborn problem t!.
hat confronts us - the weakest link in our argument [for the origin of life]."(Wald,1967). .
Mendel's Laws explain most of the physical variations observed in living things. Genes, the genetic units of .
heredity, are merely reshuffled from one generation to another, but new genes are never formed. Different .
combinations create variations, but these variations are limited. Each cow, person, dog, etc. has variations, .
but the genetic units do not permit dog-people, or cow-dogs. Breeding experiments by competent .
biologists confirm that these boundaries exist.(Fix,1984). Since mutations are the only mechanism .
(according to Darwin) by which new genetic material becomes available, then mutations must have .
occurred regularly to have spawned all our present life forms, and further, mutation must consistently go .
from simple to complex to have gotten us out of the primordial ooze. However, many noted biologists, .
including C.P. Martin and Theodosius Dobzhansky (who mutated the fruit fly), consistently report that .
mutation does produce hereditary changes, but "invariably affec!.
t it (the organism) adversely."(Salisbury, 1969). All animals are born with complex organs (the human .
brain has over a hundred thousand billion electrical connections), and further, all animals are born with .
fully developed organs. If evolution were occurring, at some point people could expect to see a reptile .
whose leg was becoming a wing, but they never have. Darwin himself attempted to answer a question put .
to him by Harvard biology professor Asa Gray, regarding the eye, and whether the "inimitable contrivances .
for adjusting the focus to different distances, and for the correct ionospherical and chromatic aberration, .
could have been formed by natural selection. This seems. absurd in the highest degree."(Darwin,1927). .
Genetic and molecular biologists can now measure the degree of similarity between most forms of life by .