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Learning

            Psychologists believe that children learn to control their bladders .
             during sleep through classical conditioning, a type of learning in which an .
             organism comes to associate different events. Normally, a wet bed or diaper .
             causes a child to awaken. Through repeated pairings, bladder tension becomes .
             associated with the sensation of wetness and children wake up when they .
             sense that the bladder is full. .
             Imagine that you are baby-sitting a 6-year-old bed-wetter who has .
             not yet learned the connection between bladder tension and wetness. In .
             desperation, the child's parents consult a behavioral psychologist who has .
             developed a classical conditioning technique for controlling bed-wetting, .
             using a special sheet containing fine electric wires. When a sleeping child .
             wets the bed, the urine (which conducts electricity) immediately completes .
             an electrical circuit and causes a loud bell to ring, awakening the child. .
             Over time, bladder tension becomes associated with the bell and the child is .
             conditioned to wake up before actually wetting the bed. .
             Although the parents have read a pamphlet that explains the basic .
             principles underlying the conditioning technique, they are seeking your help .
             in understanding exactly why it works. .
             1. Identify the components of classical conditioning for children who .
             learn to wake up they wet the bed without special training. .
             Unconditioned stimulus: A wet bed or diaper.
             Unconditioned response: The child awakens.
             Conditioned stimulus: Bladder tension/bladder full sensation .
             Conditioned response: The child awakens.
             2. Identify the components of classical conditioning for children who .
             are conditioned to wake up through the use of the special sheet and bell. .
             Unconditioned stimulus: Loud bell ringing due to wetness.
             Unconditioned response: The child awakens.
             Conditioned stimulus: Bladder tension/bladder full sensation.
             Conditioned response: The child awakens.


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