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Utopia


            
             In response to contemporary social, economical, and political circumstances of England in the early sixteenth century, Thomas More developed characteristics of an ideal society and presented them in his book Utopia. England during the 1500s was mostly rural and underdeveloped. The practice of converting arable land into pastures resulted in massive unemployment, forcing many to resort to theft and other unlawful measures. The average king was often corrupt, having dishonest methods of raising money and starting unnecessary aggressive wars. More's "negative attack on European wickedness" suggests several alternative solutions to England's severe social and political problems (More II). .
             As a civic humanist it is one's duty to serve the city and government in any way possible. More's beliefs as a civic humanist are presented in Book I. According to More a wise and moral man should give advice to the king, but carefully and indirectly. Raphael Hythlodaeus, however, disagrees with More stating that "there's no room at Court for philosophy" (More 63). Raphael's beliefs portray monasticism, the tradition that men should be contempt with life and live passive lives. .
             More recognizes the importance of discreetly suggesting new ideas, stating that one should use a "civilized form of philosophy" that appropriately fits in with what is going on at the present time (More 63). To abruptly interrupt and make a new suggestion would destroy any hope at all of others accepting the proposed idea, even it were indeed an improvement. According to Raphael a wise man's advice would only offend or be considered worthless. He believes that one man's suggestions could never be successful, replying "I"d either have to vote against my colleagues, which would be equivalent to not voting at all, or else I"d have to vote with them, in which case, . . . I"d be "aiding and abetting insanity"" (More 65).


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