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Human Cloning


            What is cloning? Cloning is making an exact copy of an animal or plant, or exact copies of certain cells of plants and animals. Cloning can be very dangerous and there are many risks involved, since our society and technology isn't yet acquainted with the subject. Some scientists on the other hand, think cloning is a good idea. Scientific research hasn't failed us yet, and can lead to very important discoveries. Human cloning research discoveries could help people live longer, live healthier, and become more productive. I will discuss the background information about cloning, why we should clone, why we should not clone, and then my thoughts on the subject at hand. .
             Starting off, there are three basic methods of cloning; separating the embryo and making twins with the same genetic make-up, taking a cell from a fertilized ovum when the cell begins too split then replace it in another female's ovum, or nuclear transplantation. Some animals scientists have attempted to clone include sheep, goats, mice, and cows. .
             Dr. Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland cloned an adult ewe, whose offspring was named Dolly. They accomplished this through the second method of cloning. Dolly was "born" by taking genetic material from cells in the mammary glands of a six-year-old ewe, and placing them in an unfertilized ovum. Researchers eventually produced 29 embryos that survived longer than six days. Of these 29, all but Dolly died before birth. .
             In the March, 1998 issue of Time Magazine, J. Madeleine Nash talked about how the clone of an adult ewe is "born" with the assistance of nuclear transplantation. First, a cell is taken from the udder of an adult ewe and placed into a culture. This culture has very low concentrations of different nutrients. The cells starve, and eventually stop dividing. The cells turn off their active genes, and go into hibernation. An unfertilized egg is then taken out of an adult ewe, and the eggs nucleus, along with its DNA, is sucked out.


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