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Creation...

The diversity of views concerning the relation of science and religion today can be grouped under four basic headings. The first heading is Conflict and includes proponents of a philosophy of materialism, on the one hand, and advocates of biblical literalism or creationism, on the other. The second view I call Independence because it avoids conflict by assigning science and religion to completely separate domains that do not interact with each other. The third is Dialogue in which scientific concepts provide analogues or parallels with traditional theological concepts. The fourth view, Integration, seeks a closer connection between science and religion, usually by the reformulation of classical religious doctrines. I will give examples of each of these approaches in recent writings about evolution by biologists and Christian theologians in the English-speaking world.

One version of the Conflict thesis is presented by evolutionary materialists such as Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett. A very different kind of conflict is articulated by theistic critics of neo-Darwinism such as Phillip Johnson and Michael Behe. But the two versions agree that there is a conflict; they both assert that one cannot with intellect


There is no clear line between Dialogue and Integration, but the authors discussed below seek a more systematic synthesis of science and theology, and they are willing to accept more far-reaching reformulations of classical theological doctrines to achieve it. They propose models of God as determiner of indeterminacies and as top-down cause. We will look finally at the claim that process philosophy offers a coherent metaphysics for the integration of scientific and religious thought.

These authors who use quantum theory for theological purposes are not presenting a new version of natural theology in which evidence from science is used as an argument in support of theism. They are proposing ways in which a God who is accepted on other grounds (such as religious experience in a historical interpretive community) might be reconceived as acting in nature. I have called such an approach a theology of nature rather than a natural theology.

We want to know why the laws of nature are what they are, and in particular why they are so ingenious and felicitous that they enable matter to self-organize in the unexpectedly remarkable way I have described, a way suggestive of design and purpose (in a suitably modified sense). To me it points to a deeper level of explanation than just accepting laws as a brute fact. Whether this deeper level can legitimately be called God is for others to decide.[xxvi]

Some topics in this essay:
Top-down Cause, Chandra Wickramasinghe, Determiner Indeterminacies, Michael Behe, Daniel Dennett, Moreover Dawkins, Prigogine Kauffmann, Gould Cambrian, Van Till, Phillip Johnson, god’s action, lower levels, science religion, natural selection, evolutionary history, laws nature, boundary conditions, natural theology, god acts, human life, god primary cause, designer self-organizing process, information designed systems, gaps deficiencies remedied, god designer self-organizing,

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Approximate Word count = 7861
Approximate Pages = 31 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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