... . Before June of 1914, there was no definitive reason for war. But the assassination of Franz Ferdinand was motivation enough to go to war. 3. How did the war affect the role of women in the involved countries? Women on both sides of the war pledged themselves to peace and transnational solidarity. During the war, the major feminist groups were committing themselves to supporting their government and in return, they anticipated that due ... 30 were allowed vote for the first time in American history. 4. How did hunger and shortages of consumer goods affect civilian support for the war? D...

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... and opposed Russian involvement in the war against Japan (Document E). The countries were at loathe requesting help from the "Red Army," and the bomb was a perfect way to demonstrate American power (Document C). Also, as dictated by the agreement made at the Yalta Conference, Soviet aide would result in new territory for the communists, something the Americans were particularly afraid of (Document D). According to General H.H Arnold, the dropping of the bomb was not actually ... necessary; as the Japanese were at this point already crushed, and other weaponry would have completed the jo...

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... of four years, and it a draft was sent to the US Congress for approval. At first it seemed doubtful that Congress would sign on since many of them were isolationists and others believed that America had helped Europe enough during the War. In 1948, though, President Truman signed the European Cooperation Act. By the time it was completed in 1951, over thirteen billion ... dollars had been distributed to sixteen European countries, and the European economy was saved. Without the Marshall Plan, Europe would have never been able to pull themselves out of debt. The Marshall Plan was a huge ...

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... torture of the psychological or physical nature. The Japanese did these things anyway, they would decapitate American prisoners, or they would shove bamboo shoots under their fingernails. The American government also wanted revenge for the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. No warning was given by the Japanese to the Americans and no war was declared until after the incident. The Russian territorial expansion definitely played a factor in the dropping the bomb on ... Japan. The Soviet Union had already taken Poland and many other countries during the war. The Soviets were helping the Chin...

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• Grade Level: High School

... sponsored by Winrock International of Morrilton, Arkansas. After a brief stop in Florence, Italy, to help my daughter Anne get settled in to school, and a three day stay in Munich, Germany, to await Steve Popovich, an environmental scientist and my fellow volunteer, I was off to Dushanbe, Tijikistan. Having worked in northern Tajikistan in 2000, I was familiar with the people, but this assignment ... was very different than my previous one. From Dushanbe, I traveled 60 miles to the south to the Boktor district. This district was the primary agricultural area of Tajikistan. As we took ou...

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... Lenin had to deliver the three promises he made to the country. To start off Lenin gave up much of the country to Gremany, and to add to that it was the industrial part that he gave to them. When the Brest-Litovsk treaty was sighed it stopped Germany from attacking Russia, that brought him the peace. This was a very smart move by Lenin because he knew that the Germans were going to lose the war so ... once the allies won he ... would re-claim the land. For the land part he just handed land to the ... ...

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... no representative voice, strikes and demonstrations paralyzed the capital on and off for years. After periodic repression, the government could barely hold. This situation was made worse by the onset of World War I. Russia's backward position relative to the West, its lack of arms, poor training, and corruption in the high levels of government and the army translated into such military losses that Tsar ... Nicholas II decided to take direct control of the . In February of that year ... , demonstrators took the opportunity to set up their own Provisional ... ...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to be shaped by capitalist ideas. Historians such as Henry Kissinger (former U.S. Secretary of State), define the Cold War as a battle between the superpowers for supremacy in ways of thinking. In addition, he states that not only the cultural gap between Americans and Soviets contributed to the formation of the war, but also the strict adherence to their respective doctrines in the knowledge that the other abhorred it is further evidence that ideology caused the ... confrontation between the USSR and the USA. This was written before Karl Marx's Das Capital or the 'Communist Manife...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... countries engaged in nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere. 1The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an invasion of Cuba, sponsored by the CIA, which attempted to overthrow the "Castro Regime". It failed miserably. This invasion gave the Soviets an excuse to begin shipping arms to Cuba in 1961. The Russian President(Premier) had given the order to send the equipment to start building nuclear weapons on the island of Cuba. 2The United States government ... knew that the arms were being shipped into Cuba, but they ... ...

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• Grade Level: High School

Today the northern coastline of France is peaceful and serene. However, only 57 years ago this was not the case. In the 1940's the world powers of the day were engulfed in a global conflict, World War II. The battlefield was the European continent and the combatants were, and are today, known as the Axis and Allied powers. Not even the isolated nation of the United States of America was immune from the bloodshed. The USA ... their lives to obtain the beachhead. The Allies' supremacy in the air was a pivotal factor. British and American pilots destroyed most of the bridges over the Seine to th...

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... essay focuses on how the Bolsheviks gained power and background to Bolshevik Revolution and also the outcomes of the revolution. The Bolsheviks continued to prostest against the current government in Russia and over time the political, social and economic discontent and the famous event know as 'Bloody Sunday', where the imperial guards shot and killed the protesting people of St Petersburg eventually pulled more followers over to the Bolsheviks. Lenin returned to Russia in 1917 ... menshiviks and social revolutionaries. This satisfied the people at first, but soon the armed forces trie...

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... alliance in 1955, the Warsaw Pact. In the Potsdam Conference the two sides discussed on how to deal with Germany after World War two, even though there were many disagreements, they did come to some agreement. They agreed to separate Germany. Sections of Germany under the control of the United States, France, and Britain formed the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). The land controlled by the Soviet Union became the German Democratic Republic ... (East Germany). This setting created a border between the two sides ... ...

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... exists in any area dominated by Soviet imperialism, considers the situation to be such as to warrant its according economic aid and military equipment to the Associate State of Indochina and the France in order to assist them in restoring stability and permitting these states to pursue their peaceful and democratic development"(Sponsoring French Colonialism). It signified that the U.S should help economically and militarily to prevent the spreading of communism in Asia ... war came to an end. After the Geneva Accords, the U.S started to become involved in Vietnam directly. The United St...

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... been called a "world of its own." " Due to its extremely cold climate and rough, barren landscape, very little Russian land is actually arable and the soil that can be used for agriculture does not yield nearly enough to feed the population. Fortunately, what Russia lacks in the ability to create a successful agricultural base, it makes up for ... the Princes. The autocracy dictated by the Princes would continue for centuries. Ivan IV became the Prince of Muscovy in 1533. In 1547, he assumed the title "Tsar (Caesar) of All the Russias." " Called Ivan the Terrible by the Russians, Ivan IV...

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... taken out. Fidel Castro almost had no say. He was convinced that Cuba was going to be invaded and was angry that the U-2 planes weren't shot down. He finally got authority to shoot the planes down. On October 27th, Cubans shot down a U-2 plane, killing a pilot. The Pentagon responded by saying that they wanted an air strike and then an invasion of Cuba. President Kennedy ... , still, promised not to invade Cuba and stop the blockade only if the missiles were removed. Khrushchev agreed. Kennedy also planned to remove the missiles in Turkey and followed ... through with it. Khrushchev was ...

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... of human nature. It may even be said that greed is the "ultimate scrooge" of human nature. Nearly everyone dreams of being financially secure and being able to better themselves materialistically. This is the driving force behind the theory of capitalism. The society that we as Americans live in today perpetuates the need for greed through the voice of the media. Expensive clothes, overly-excessive accessories, and nice cars ... would have identical possessions. Everyone would be, in a sense, equal. We would live in a communist society. While the theory of socialism and communism may l...

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How did Lenin Revise Marxism? Lenin was a great believer in Marx work and almost completely agreed with every word of his work. He did however realise that slight amendments could be made in order to create a communist state more efficiently. Lenin revised Marx's ideas so that a communist revolution could be introduced quicker and in Russia. Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the Bolshevik party meaning ... and this is his first revision of Marxism. Marx believed that a in order for there to be a revolution there had to be a strong divide between the rich (the bourgeoisie) of the nation and the...

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... planned himself into a stronger position by allying with Zinoviev and Kamnev. He then manipulated them into shattering Trotsky, which eliminated the biggest threat to Stalin's path to power. After Stalin came to power, he came up with a plan for economic growth. The plan was called the Five-Year Plan. The goal of the Five-Year plan was to increase the country's industrial production. Stalin called for the collectivization of farmlands, and hoped ... by doing that, it would produce enough food for ... ...

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... the majority shifted to the Socialist Revolutionaries. Realizing the power that the Bolsheviks had must be maintained, Lenin dissolved the assembly, which further weakened the relationship with the people. During the summer of 1918, a new civil war had begun. The problem for the Bolsheviks was that they were engaged in a crippling war with the rest of the country. The Bolsheviks found it difficult to rule the country when they were constantly faced with being over thrown by ... another party. An army known as The Whites began to quickly grow. These eighteen self-proclaimed governments w...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Berlin being a divided city within the Soviet sector. In June of 1948, the Soviets blockaded West Berlin and halted all traffic into the city. The Allies responded by airlifting massive amounts of food, coal, and other supplies to keep West Berlin open. The Soviets backed down and allowed traffic to resume. Although they eventually backed down, this action almost brought us to the brink of war. By closing off a sector of ... Berlin, they threatened our interests overseas. All of these factors contributed to what we know as the Cold War. This war was the combined fault of the United Stat...

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... . This split in ideology drove to the development of the 'two camps theory', which was that the world split along the lines of the two ideologies. The Tehran War Conference where the 'Big Three' – Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill met to discuss issues focusing on military matters in Europe. One of the main outcomes was the commitment to the opening of a second front against Nazi Germany by the Western Allies. This second front ... a significant event in world history portraying the tensions that arose between the former allies. The superpowers of the US and the USSR came forwa...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Lenin appointed Stalin position of general secretary, which he took advantage of by using the information he held about people to blackmail them into supporting him. After giving Stalin this position, Lenin suffered a stroke that was followed by a period of illness in which he was unable to rule. The two main candidates to take Lenin's place were Stalin and Trotsky. Stalin despised Trotsky and did ... all he could to get the members of the Central Committee to support himself over Trotsky. Trotsky was a great intellectual however, was not able to tolerate people of lower intelligence. S...

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... in ghettos, pay special taxes, and were not allowed to own land or have certain occupations. Kristallnacht, or night of the broken glass, occurred November 9th, 1938. This massive attack on Jews happened due to the assassination of a member of the German Embassy who was killed by a young Jew by the name of Herschel Grynszpan. During the attack synagogues, shops, and other Jewish buildings were burned, destroyed, or ... vats of freezing cold water; they tested how long it took and how low the body temperature could get before death. After a victim had died they tried to resuscitate the fr...

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... before, and so he was not willing to compromise on this matter either. The West and the East were locked in a bitter stalemate. Truman cut off supplies and aid to the USSR and declared that the United States would not recognize any of the governments set up by Stalin if they were not established by the citizens' free will. The countries that were being controlled by the Soviet Union were East Germany, Romania ... Churchill that first referred to Europe being divided by an "iron curtain." The Cold War worsened yet again when the it appeared that Stalin was attempting to spread communism ...

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... eventually successful in talking the young people from out of leaving the country.East Germany did not have any ideas on how to stop all the people from leaving in groups, until a person came up with an idea to build a wall so high, and so booby-trapped that no one would try to get over the wall. This idea, thought up by some unknown person, became the infamous Berlin Wall ... . Winston Churchill named this barrier the Iron Curtain. Walter Ulbricht, who was a German ... Communist leader under the command of Stalin, organized the construction of a large wall to be built in order to keep ...

• Word Count: 1038
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• Grade Level: High School