... country. As a result, he prepared a 5 year plan for it's survival. Gosplan laid down production targets for each main industry: electricity, coal, oil, pig-iron and steel, to be reached in 5 years. He had very ambitious plans as he wanted to multiply by two or three the production. Only the oil industry reached its targets. However, in all figures there was a massive increase ... before human rights. Moreover, although the peasants disliked collectivization, the Kulaks hated it. Stalin attacked them in 1928. He accused them of being, "enemies of the State," and of, "disrupting the econo...

• Word Count: 1009
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... water in the river day and night. The hardest ordeal that befell the defenders was thirst. Heat, air, filled with soot, smoke and the stench of decaying bodies, made the thirst unbearable. Water was badly needed for women, children and the wounded. It was nearby, just a few steps away in the river, yet all river banks were under fire. The water, fetched from the river, was often paid with blood and lives of many known and unknown ... the surface of the forms, and the space between the form and shuttering was concreted. This method guaranteed the quality of the monolithic casing, its uni...

• Word Count: 9116
• Approx Pages: 36
• Grade Level: High School

... of some sort. Probably the best-known exposition of the lebensraum policy is the Hossbach memorandum of November 1937. It is not an official document but a second or even a third hand account. But it is a detailed version of how Hitler thought things might go over the next eight years after. He told the meeting that the chief aim of German foreign policy was the conquest of ... the annexation of Austria, and Germany's rearmament as well as the training of new soldiers. However, the evidence of Goering's testimony at Nuremburg begs the question how many of the key decisions were made by Hi...

• Word Count: 1572
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• Grade Level: High School

... people consider that their votes don't influence the results of election. Those people think that the results of the election are known before the whole process. They have feelings that the government or the party will fabricate the result. In spite of this fact these people often discuss the political situation in their country with their friends. Most of such people were born and grew up with totalitarian or authoritarian regimes ( ... political newspapers, watch political programs and discuss the political situation in their country with friends and relatives. They don't vote because t...

• Word Count: 545
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• Grade Level: High School

... menus changed because of shortages. Moreover, first-time Western visitors to Cuba often are startled when, rather than the usual Mr. or Mrs., they are addressed as companero--comrade. The Long Arm of Castro Day-to-day life may be improving on the island, but the cost of creating Castro's Communist society has been high for the Cuban people. The majority of Cubans were ... permitted to be shown only when they depict violence. "Violence," declares a Cuban official, "illustrates the contradiction in capitalist societies." Cubans understand full well the rules laid down by their leaders, an...

• Word Count: 1369
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• Grade Level: High School

... Communisation as a vital part of it's defensive system. The Soviets decided that they would turn the tables and do to the USA with Cuba what the USA did to the Soviets in Turkey. This would strenghthen the Soviets position in the cold war. The Americas however saw Cuba as a dangerous situation and as a threat to National Security. Neither Krushchev or Kennedy wanted to go to a war as both men knew it would turn ... knew that the results of using just one of their many nuclear weapons would be catastrophic and could wipe out all man kind. The only option in Cuba however may have been for...

• Word Count: 4941
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• Grade Level: High School

... in to rule with great expectations In the first speech he gave as Tsar, Nicholas embarrassed everybody by bending down and picking up a fallen saltshaker. His voice did not instill any of the fear obtained by his father. Behind the public curtains he fared no better. Especially during the early stages of his rule, he often left decisions up in the air until he was able to "ask ... mother." (Radzinsky, 50). The first of many occasions where death was attributed to ... haste laid in his fear of the Constituent Assembly, which was to have elections on Nov 28. Lenin arranged it so that the...

• Word Count: 1802
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• Grade Level: High School

... , maybe it was racism and bloodlust, but either way, its effects were devastating to the country. There could be various motivations for Stalin's use of terror. But perhaps the most obvious or most sensible is plainly his lust for power. He would seem to go to any length to gain as much power as possible. This is best stated by document 3, when it says, " he was ... determined to be in a position of absolute control, ruling as an autocrat with no restraints of any kind." He simply wanted complete control, at any costs. There was nothing that he wasn't willing to do to reach the goal. The...

• Word Count: 435
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• Grade Level: High School

... , was now in our air, in our water, and in our soil doing the exact same here. Now the question arises why would such horrible weapons be used in people rich areas. Correct this was a time of war, but we were not fighting elderly men, or pregnant women, so why was the bomb not targeted at more of a military facility. Could there be an underlying reason ... surrender of the armed forces mean for the Japanese people? It means the end of the war. It means the termination of the influence of the military leaders who have brought Japan to the present disaster....Unconditional surrender does n...

• Word Count: 1926
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• Grade Level: High School

... been prepared for deployment, JFK ordered a low flying plane to go take pictures of the bombs, they were a sucess. On went the debating of what to do, while the Cuban missiles were only a week and a half away from being ready to deploy. Kennedy decided that it may be best to have a conference with the Soviet leader and ask why the missiles were there, but when JFK asked if weapons even existed ... by pure accident and that they thought the plane was a bomber and once they realized it wasn't, nobody got the message to abort the missile target. As all of this mess was happening in America...

• Word Count: 1021
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• Grade Level: High School

... go along with the ideology of those in power. Unlike the people of the United States, Ukrainians were not allowed to publicly express their religious beliefs. The government was dictating what they should believe in. Unfortunately, this is still the case in many countries around the world. The Constitution of the Soviet Union had the church separated from the government, but those words were only on paper. These laws were never exercised, and in reality, the ... government had full control over the church. The KGB often inserted certain individuals that would influence and interfere wit...

• Word Count: 647
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... Ulyanov, known famously as Lenin, died on the 21st of January in 1924 after having suffered many strokes. The sweeping state funeral followed in Moscow where his embalmed corpse was laid to rest in a mausoleum built outside the Kremlin's walls. The cult that surrounded him was phenomenal and his teachings and theories are still widely taught and discerned today. His political tactics and revolutionary ideas gave rise to his somewhat ... them and give them shape." A slogan often chanted by Lenin. "Convert the imperialist war into a civil war."(6) The news that Russia was in a state of re...

• Word Count: 2093
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• Grade Level: High School

... be said that greed is the "ultimate scrooge" of human nature. Nearly everyone dreams of being financially secure and being able to better themselves materialistically. This is the driving force behind the theory of capitalism. The society that we as Americans live in today perpetuates the need for greed through the voice of the media. Expensive clothes, overly-excessive accessories, and nice cars dominate television commercials and the pages of magazines. From the time we are born ... , these luxuries are presented to us as normalities, leading us to believe that these items are, in esse...

• Word Count: 295
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• Grade Level: High School

... enough to go around. Many peasants were given loans by the government to buy some land off of previous employers. However the size of land that they received was often insufficient to survive on. Also the loan that was given to them had to be paid off. Eventually peasants became both starving and in debt. The peasants were bitter that the nobles and landowners had kept so much of the land after the government ... also starving. The people blamed the Tsar for losing the war with Japan. The war made already bad conditions in the cities even worse and brought the workers to breaking point....

• Word Count: 744
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• Grade Level: High School

... (an interesting pun,) India by capturing the Suez Canal. By deciding to destroy Soviet Russia in 1941, Hitler lost the war. As he defeated France and closed in on Paris in 1940, Hitler believed he could go after the rest of the continent after signing the Tripartite Pact with Italy and Japan. "His instrument was the Tripartite Pact, signed between Germany, Italy, and Japan on September 27, 1940, binding ... any two to come to the aid of a third if it was attacked." ... all human beings, had an ego. It was causing him to think illogically and go after a much-hated Communist Russia inste...

• Word Count: 369
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• Grade Level: High School

On December 17, 1999 my entire family immigrated to the United States. We did so mainly for religious reasons since the people of Uzbekistan, a former part of the Soviet Republic and my country of origin, are much less tolerant of Jews than Americans are. One of the key rationales for our emigration from the relatively new-born "democratic" state was the fact that not that many Jews were able to receive higher ... . I was already in ninth grade during which time period students had to at least start taking the tests that are designed to assess their academic standing. I tried my best to maint...

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... who cared for her subjects and wanted only the best for them. As a learned woman she wanted to see the rest of the country educated as well. She was curiously well read and deeply involved in the cultural trends of her time. As she was a knowledgeable writer herself, she endorsed arts and letters, and permitted the establishment of private printing presses (Grey 192). Because of Catherine's guidance the University of Moscow and the Academy of Sciences became inter nationally ... was limited by Russian superstitions. Prior to Catherine, the curriculum was as useless as the textbooks sinc...

• Word Count: 1123
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in March 1948 in light of the Czechoslovakian Coup in February 1948. The Marshall Plan was to restore economic stability in Europe, and it elicited an immediate response from the Soviets, as seen from the action of sending a 100-men delegation headed by Molotov to participate in the discussion about the plan. However, the American insistence of economic coordination, which meant that the Soviets had to give up the control over their own economy ... of the Cold War. If not for the aggressive actions that the Soviet Union took in Iran and other countries, the US might not have adopted suc...

• Word Count: 2144
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... from the estuary of the Orne River to the southeastern edge of the Cotentin peninsula, with the British and Canadians troops taking the eastern beaches while the Americans attacked western. Four of the five beaches, code named Utah, Juno, Cold and Sword, were taken with relative ease, however one stretch of Nazi infested sand would take some what longer to obtain. Future generations have come to know it as "Bloody Omaha", massive numbers of Americans laid ... down their lives to obtain the beachhead. The Allies' supremacy in the air was a pivotal factor. British and American pilots dest...

• Word Count: 608
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• Grade Level: High School

... and Nikita Khrushchev considered themselves and each other to be men of reason. In documentation to be later presented in this paper, it is clear that neither administration felt that the other was prepared to be the aggressor of a nuclear war. However, concurrent with the ubiquitous mistrust characterizing the time period was the understanding that the enemy's moves were an enigma. In times of such uncertainty, it was best ... 25th, 1961 he addressed the nation to express his views and policies for Berlin and other dealings with the Soviet Union. Kennedy certainly did not want to go t...

• Word Count: 2678
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• Grade Level: High School

... observer planes. Things seemed that they couldn't get any worse, but the in the back of their minds, they knew that they could be blown out of existence in a matter of days, and more U2 photographs indicated that the missile base would be fully operational in just a few days! The options were laid clear for Kennedy, should he firstly ignore the missiles. This would have been political suicide though, as ... 's downfall two years later. The fact of the matter is, there was only one real reason behind the missiles crisis be resolved, and that was simply, neither opposing side wanted a nucl...

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... not caring about individuals, only winning the war despite the costs. This is best shown towards the beginning of the movie when the Russian officers shoot any Russian soldier who runs away from battle or retreats. The Germans are shown as manipulative and superior both technologically and militarily. Both of these traits are shown by the use of propaganda to make the Russians think they have already lost and the bribery used by Major KÖnig ... to find the whereabouts of Vassili. This film showed me the importance of the Battle of Stalingrad and ... ...

• Word Count: 316
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: High School

... and rather the party's ability to adapt to the needs of the country shaped its history. The response to the Krondstadt rebellion saw great division within the party with Kollontai and others very angry about it. The NEP sparked a series of debates and ultimately brought the downfall of many party members and the rise of Stalin, where differing vision and leadership conflict, to a large extent shaped the history of Russia, as it created separations within the party, it removed important members, and laid ... way for a totalitarian rule. NEP brought with it a series of capitalist ideologi...

• Word Count: 1204
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• Grade Level: Graduate

... had a powerful military, we just didn't use it to attack other countries. Benefits came from being a middle power; we were able to get seats at the council, one of the ten rotating ones, more than any other country. The fact that we were a middle power, our military would be used in various places. This is why peacekeeping became important to us. What showed how ... , up until 9/11. Canada was also able to give grants of money to other countries to keep them friendly with us. This helps us all around the world, for example Russia. If someone were to go down to Russia from North America, ...

• Word Count: 605
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• Grade Level: High School

... seat during the war, now came to a forefront. Growing distance between the two nations leaders and confrontational policies lead to a heightening of tensions and ultimately resulted in the era of uncertainty and conflict known as the Cold War. Although blame can be laid on either nation the majority lies with the Soviet Union due to its expansive tendencies, rejection of the Marshall plan and development of atomic weaponry. With the Soviet Union's establishment of satellite nations and its overall ... expansionist behavior, the U.S was forced to implement ... ...

• Word Count: 964
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