However, the parts of the egg cell needed for cell growth and development are left intact. ... The nucleus and the egg cell are placed next to each other, and electrical charges are emitted into them. ... The nucleus would be removed from the cell and transferred to an enucleated egg. ... A type of DNA called mitochondria DNA is not removed from the mother during the fertilization. ... So, it also is left intact in the egg cell for the fertilization. ...

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In the simplest language, cloning is the process in which the DNA from some cell of a body is put by an electrical shock into a female egg cell whose DNA has been removed. Then the egg cell is implanted into a womb, and after that it grows as same as a natural baby does.1 Many scientists think human cloning is a good way for infertile couples and unmarried people to have a child of their own. ... They just need to find a suitable mother and give DNA to her. ... We can get the DNA of great people and clone them. ... Secondly, if human cloning is allowed, there would be many blackmarkets of egg...

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It involves transferring DNA from a person's cell to a genetically blank egg. ... This cell contains the DNA that will make the clone. ... The second cell is an unfertilized egg. The nucleus is removed from the egg so it no longer contains any genetic material or DNA. ... While the somatic cell is in this state, it matches the enucleated egg cell, which simply means the egg has no nucleus. ...

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"To clone any animal, Navara says the first step is to take the DNA out of an egg. DNA is the part of a cell that tells it what to do. Then, scientists inject the DNA from the organism they want to clone into that egg and try to get it to divide and grow into an embryo. ... Gene therapy is currently limited because of inefficient vectors, or viruses that convey new genes into cells. A copy of a defective gene is in every cell of the body" (Hoon 1). ...

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An unfertilized egg is then taken out of an adult ewe, and the eggs nucleus, along with its DNA, is sucked out. Thus leaving an empty egg cell that still has the cellular machinery to produce an embryo. The empty egg and the culture of the starved cells are then placed next to each other. An electronic pulse causes the egg and cells to fuse together, and a second pulse is given to start the cell division. ... Although scientists understand most of the cloning processes, how and why the DNA changes once inside the egg remains a mystery. ...

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What Is Cloning There are three types of cloning that exist, reproductive cloning, DNA cloning, and therapeutic cloning. ... When you have a reconstructed egg after somatic cell nuclear transfer has been performed, it is then treated with chemicals or electric current to induce cell division. ... DNA cloning is the process of transferring a DNA fragment to an element such as a bacterial plasmid. ... In 1930 Hans Spemann proposed an experiment that would take the nucleus from a cell of a late stage embryo, a juvenile, or an adult and transplant it into an egg. ... King took a nucleus from ...

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She was created using the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the cell nucleus from an adult cell is transferred into an unfertilized oocyte (developing egg cell) that has had its nucleus removed. ... Scientists can simply take the DNA cells from the part of the body that's infected and take it to a lab to be developed. ... Then scientists remove the nucleus from unfertilized human egg cell and implant it in the cell. Shock the cell to make the cells combine and cause DNA to move back and forth and create the embryo; repeat until there is a sufficient amount of embryos, many...

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"Somatic cell nuclear transfer" refers to the process which the nucleus of a somatic cell of an existing organism is transferred into an oocyte from which the nucleus has been removed" (Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs 1). ... You take an egg and remove its nucleus, which contains the DNA/genes. Then you take the DNA from an adult cell and insert it into the egg, either by fusing the adult cell with the enucleated egg, or by a sophisticated nuclear transfer. You then stimulate the reconstructed egg electrically or chemically and try to make it start to divide and become an embryo. You t...

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Scientists believed that once adult cells had differentiated to become skin or eye cells ( Kolata 612). ... "Since the 1970s scientists have been manipulating DNA to create new forms of life, and today it's a growing for-profit business (Gillis616)." ... The procedure called germ-line therapy would allow doctors to alter the genes in any egg or sperm or an embryo that is just days old. ... Someday scientists may be able to introduce DNA hybrid cells into a needy body, where if persuaded to perform as required they could make healthy heart tissue, or even grow new limbs for amputees (...

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Cloning creates the possibility of having a twin or child carrying the exact DNA of another person. ... Cell-based therapy with the fusion of a single nucleus to an egg can treat certain diseases (Andrews, 87). ... When the transfer is made from molecules to cells, the complexity jumps exponentially because molecules can transfer into cells thousands of different ways. ... It would also provide a way safe way for homosexual couples to have children of their own containing each partners DNA. ... "One is vitro fertilization in which the sperm and egg are put together in a lab and surgicall...

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Cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before by increasing efficiency through nuclear transfer (Cohen 6), sperm from the father could be transferred into the mother's egg, thus creating a child. ... Embryonic Stem Cell research is taking a human cell, and basically killing it until there is almost nothing left. Then we take out the nucleus of the cell and implant it into another cell which has no DNA and we "trick" the cell into growing into whatever organ it originated from, just like it was a stem cell, the first basic cell of every o...

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Researchers protected the progress by saying they wanted to use the cloned embryos to harvest stem cells, rather than to create babies. Stem cells can be used to treat an immense amount of diseases, such as: diabetes, strokes, cancer, and AIDS. ... Well cloning allows people to turn any cell into an animal. Instead of injecting DNA into an egg, you can shoot DNA into cells in a petri dish. ...

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Summary of the Issue Cloning captured the public's attention when Scottish scientists startled the world in July of 1996 when they announced the birth of a sheep named Dolly, which they had cloned from the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and a sheep egg. ... Several sperm cells and mature egg cells are gathered from donors at fertility clinics, and are combined in a petri dish using in vitro fertilization procedures to form an embryo. ... "The cells are then coated with an artificial zona pellucida. ... Cancer cells develop at approximately the same phenomenal rate as the embryonic ...

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Cloning Human Beings Can scientists create a genetic duplicate of a human with the exact same DNA as another human? ... Although, twins look alike, they differ in their thoughts, personality, fingerprints, and DNA. ... In cloning "Technicians remove the genetic material from an egg cell and replace it with DNA from a donor, then grow the embryo in a petri dish until it's ready to be implanted, by the same process routinely used in fertilization clinics."" ... This is not the only case; many families are saving the cells of their dead family members in hopes that one day that may be a...

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In humans, the method would start with a single cell - any cell may do - taken from the adult who wants to be cloned. Using an electrical jolt, scientists would fuse the genes from that cell with a specially treated donor egg cell whose own genes had been removed. That cell would be allowed to grow into an embryo in the laboratory. ... Unlike adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells can develop into any one of more than 200 tissues in the body, from insulin-producing cells that may one day treat diabetes to heart cells that may repair cardiac muscles. ... Maybe the whole cloning issue shouldn&#...

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Pro-life advocates define human life as beginning at the moment of conception, while pro-choice supporters claim that once the egg and sperm are united this is just a living organism and not a human life. ... Once the sperm and egg unite, the 23 chromosomes of each are brought together to form one cell with 46 chromosomes. Once this cell with 46 chromosomes is formed, that one cell has all of the DNA, the entire genetic code that makes up a human being. Everything which constitutes a human being is in that one cell from conception on it just takes time to grow and develop. ... Science says tha...

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The cloning technique is called somatic cell nuclear transfer, the process used to create "Dolly" the sheep. Her DNA was taken from a single cell from her mother's egg, which is fused with a mammary cell. The fused cell soon develops into an embryo. ... The goal is to create an embryo, which contains special kind of undifferentiated cells called embryonic stem cells. They're so named because specialized cells such as heart, liver or brain cells stem from these undifferentiated cells. ...

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The eggs a sperm are mixed in a lab and then transferred to fallopian tubes before fertilization. ... The egg and sperm must both come from the couple who are having the child otherwise it is considered adultery. ... It involves the production and use of recombinant DNA and has been employed to create bacteria that synthesize insulin and other human proteins" . ... Most genetic research involves gene therapy to change the cells. Recently cloning has been used to grow healthy cells to replace/ cure diseased ones. ...

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A tumor is, "clones of cells inside an organism because they consist of many replicas of one mutated cell ("What" 1)." ... Then with a spark of electricity they will fuse together the cell that was starved with an enucleated cell (a cell that was taken from a nucleus that contains most of the genetic material that controls growth and development). In Dolly's case the cell was fused with another sheep's egg. ... Nuclear transplantation was used but a few things were done differently, the cell was never starved in a solution and instead of fusing the cell with electrical impulses, i...

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When the sperm meets the egg, a person begins. The person has an entirely new set of DNA than both parents and is an individual. ... That is, he can reproduce his own cells and develop them into a specific pattern of maturity and function. ...

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The DNA string can be manipulated in such a way as to give plants or animals characteristics not common to that particular species. ... Frogs were successfully cloned as early as 1953(Dixon, P., 2000) and identical twins have been made in the lab by mechanically splitting a fertilized egg, although these eggs were never allowed to grow and develop. ... There is the forced splitting of a fertilized egg as mentioned above, and the more talked about and controversial method of nuclear transfer. ... Stem cell cloning is the growing of specific cells in the lab such as liver or spinal ti...

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