... co-taught) were randomly assigned to either peer-tutoring or non-peer-tutoring. During the eight weeks of the research a pre-test (10 open ended questions/ 25 multiple choice), post-test (12 production questions/ 42 identification questions), and survey (25 questions) was given. Observation was conducted examining the interaction between the teachers and the students. ANCOVA was used as measurement for the ... data measuring pre-test/post-test, peer tutoring vs. traditional instruction, co-teaching vs. non-teaching, and students with or without disabilities. Mann Whitney U Test ... this ...

• Word Count: 775
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... box " to describe what the public, school administrators, and the media often focus on regarding assessment. In this model, inputs (e.g., curriculum requirements) go into the black box and outputs (e.g., test results) come out. There is often little attention paid to whether the students actually understand the concepts, but rather whether they can pass the tests. In contrast, continuous assessment uses ... FOR CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT Sitting and Listening Closely. Teachers watch the behavior of the students at work and listen closely to their conversations. At times, they may ask question...

• Word Count: 2244
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... take up in a way that would not be apparent in a co-educational setting. Again, Barber poses the question, whether or not ability, aptitude and inclination to the sexes differ. He questions whether or not languages, art and personal relations are the natural strengths of girls and mathematics, science and abstract thought the strengths of boys. It would have to be considered ... : "Mary says she likes looking after people who are ill. What would she like to be when she grows up? A nurse", (not a doctor). This extract is taken from a primary mathematics test: "If you were sent by your mot...

• Word Count: 3506
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... system. Difference in linguistics can also affect teacher's expectations and lead to inaccurate labeling. Students who enter school speaking standard English as a second language may be hesitant in answering questions due to embarrassment, and are often incorrectly placed in slower classes, or labeled illiterate (Rathus, 1993). All minorities with linguistic differences can be affected, including Chicanos, African Americans, ... or outside of the classroom environment, they may need intensive help in learning and mastering the English language. Until then, it is difficult to accurately g...

• Word Count: 2650
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... strategies to create comprehensible input. Focus on language concepts and learning strategies rather than just content. The language learning needs drives the instructional decision-making. Mediating speech, questions, demonstrations and examples. Pre teach vocabulary When examining the written responses, discussion and observation of these teachers the effectiveness of teaching reading comprehension varied. From discussions it was ... teachers have a few key strategies they teach but not on a regular basis. Many teachers will assess their students at the beginning of the year using a di...

• Word Count: 3864
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... everyone has equal access to. "Relative value" in terms of education can be explained by thinking of the possible "absolute value" of an education and the questions that go along with this idea. What is the very most (the absolute value) that a student can gain from an education? What is the value that American students are getting ... reading. For example, the Denver School, which has a low percentage of FRL students, has 14% of its students who scored "advanced" on the mathematics section of the TCAP test. On the other end of the spectrum, alongside a host of other schools with simila...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... has way more resources and material that is beneficial to children and their education. It is shown that through longer school days and unique lesson plans Charter-schools showed greater test scores and student graduation rates than your average public school. Although Charter schools seem to be the solution, not everything was shown in documentary. In another documentary "An Inconvenient Truth ... reveal the truth behind Charter schools. The studies shown in An inconvenient Truth About Waiting for Superman show that Charter schools have higher test scores because they drop students tha...

• Word Count: 676
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to science instruction levels the playing field for all students, an activity-based science program is the centerpiece of the professional development program" (Ridgen, 59). Reading a textbook, answering questions and taking a scan-tran test is not a very exciting approach to teaching science. "Students who are scientifically literate should be able to describe, explain, and predict natural phenomena while understanding that science is ... knowledge and construct new concepts" (Moreno, 571). The last stage is "discovery". The student applies their knowledge to a novel situation. After i...

• Word Count: 1005
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... recognise an element that is successful and an element that could be improved upon from the success criteria provided. In the case of the stronger group, the teacher can direct questions so that all pupils (performers included) can see how improvements can be made. Due to actively participating in a task, the students have something personal they can relate to and include ... "outside-in" reinforces students' fears that Shakespeare is too difficult for them and if taught from the "inside-out" (i.e. script first, without the background information) more questions will develop naturally a...

• Word Count: 3914
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... capable of showing up to class to do the assigned readings. In all, there is no reason why the student should not get a decent grade. Teachers are always available for questions or discussion as are tutors and even other students. Planning and time management is key, which comes from having the right attitude. It is essential that students get help when ... . Ravitch asserts in her article that "the idea that teachers are the most important factor [in] determining student achievement is false -teacher quality accounts for about 7.5-10 percent of student test score gains (2). The job of b...

• Word Count: 1361
• Approx Pages: 5
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... emphasis based on violence, and rightfully so, I feel the learning environment has deteriorated to an extreme extent. Administrators focus more on dress codes and violence prevention, than they do on test scores and how we compare to other countries. According to "A Nation at Risk", the American education system has declined due to a " rising tide of mediocrity" in our schools. States such ... actively participating. If lesson plans permit, students will participate actively in unison or one after another. The Socratic method allows students to learn for them. As the educator, you produ...

• Word Count: 1280
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented, the pressure felt by teachers associated with high stakes testing resulted in drill and practice methodologies. This "teaching to the test" eliminated the use of Socratic instruction and focused on teacher delivered information; lecture rather than the collaborative, hands-on learning needed for a global multidimensional society. Because ... of time constraints, teachers were hard-pressed to deliver the "test" information in a way that would reach the academic diversity of the classroom. According to the findings of the National Board ...

• Word Count: 1405
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... are unfair and biased representations of schools' success. Not only has standardized testing created a whole new style of teaching, called 'teaching to the test', it has created an increase in the stress levels of students, teachers, and administrators. Using the research I have gathered I came to the conclusion ... be affected if the scores received by students are not up to par (Phillips). When a teacher is only expected to 'teach to the test' the quality of education received by students doesn't encompass all that it should. This means students aren't learning to retain and...

• Word Count: 1092
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... otherwise they will never see the purpose of the learning in their lives. Use the conference period to outline 5 to 6 meaningful, behavioral objectives for the student. Compile the diagnostic test results, observation checklist, student reflections, educational goals and objectives, and overall teacher reflections into a file. This will allow the teacher, student, and parents to revisit the pre-assessment ... at the conclusion of the unit do determine academic progress made, objectives accomplished, and effectiveness of the individualized program. See appendix for an example a diagnostic...

• Word Count: 4145
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... behind, then it would be too late to remedy that situation at the end of the school year based on the results of one test. To institute pay for merit would create animosity in the classroom, as well as with other colleagues in a profession where collaboration and teamwork ... are vital to attaining the goal of teaching students. Pay for merit based on test results also would not be effective as there are too many variables in what is not a controlled setting. A student's performance could be skewed ... by factors of sleep, illness, stress from home, stress from the teacher, or stress fr...

• Word Count: 771
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... average; previous study of bookkeeping; grade point average during first quarter in college; grades in college freshmen composition, business mathematics, and introduction to business; and college entrance test scores. The equations were then applied to a group of 106 first-quarter accounting students the following year. The findings indicated that high school bookkeeping was the only significant ... of tachistoscopic training. Winger (77) experimented with college classes for one semester, utilizing timed writings throughout as measures of performance. The analysis of variance was used...

• Word Count: 3268
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... they need for higher education. School systems brainwash their students into believing that as long as they have the information memorized on test day, they will not need to know it again. These beliefs only end up hurting the students. If the state were to require a standardized exit ... test for each core subject in every grade level, students would have to pay attention in class in order to actually learn the information that ... is imperative if they wish to succeed in college courses. This exit test should be directly correlated with the teacher's curriculum in order to see if the ...

• Word Count: 672
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... qualified and poorly paid. One of the remarkable events occurred in 2008 was when the Egyptian Ministry of Education decided to give the teachers tests which include 100 multiple choice questions about general knowledge, social sciences and their own specialization. The results were published in Al-Ahram weekly newspaper and were really a shame as 90% of randomly chosen group of teachers ... failed in an initial test (Leila). Furthermore, many teachers are paid low salaries, so they resort to private tutoring in order to increase their income. As a result, teachers discriminate among th...

• Word Count: 1138
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... high stakes testing has worsened the educational problem; that tests are unfair to minority students, "undermine teachers," and refuse high school graduation to students who do not pass a one-shot test (1). Moreover, many teacher and principal's salaries rely on standardized tests, which may have the effect of many high poverty schools wanting to hire uncertified and inexperienced teachers who teach ... test preparation. Also, Orfield and Wald point out that high stakes testing narrows the curriculum by teaching to the test. This is where teachers only educate the basic points of learni...

• Word Count: 529
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... have always done okay in school but I have always thought that if my teachers would just let me demonstrate in some other way besides taking a standardized test or copying down notes for hours at a time, I could finally have the grades that resembled the expectations I have for myself. I chose to do this ... than how much they have learned. According to a website called "Traditional Intelligence Theories," it states that a correct response on a limited response assessment test, such as fill in the blank, demonstrates a student's knowledge of the "facts" but does little to help students u...

• Word Count: 1699
• Approx Pages: 7
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... information, (e) think creatively, and (f) make decisions- (Ferguson). All these skills are necessary in the real world, and in a digital age, the computer is the prime tool for acquiring information, asking questions, and interacting with others; a more effective, interactive way to teach and learn rather than through traditional, non-interactive methods. How is this being done, you might ask? Well in many ... lesson plans and assignments to different abilities that exist among students. "CompassLearning provides us [Bethel Park School District] with an electronically delivered simulat...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... some degree of power over its future." This did not challenge male superiority, rather it played on the role that women had on the men of the future. According to Benjamin Rush, a women's education advocate, " The equal share that every citizen has in the liberty and the possible share that he may have in the government of our country make it ... ...

• Word Count: 1951
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Today's school system is very controversial when approached with questions like, "Are schools giving students the best possible education?" and "What is the purpose of education?" My concern is whether or not we are teaching students the essentials to live a ... lecture rooms and little student participation, not to mention low student attentiveness, is your average undergraduate U of I class. Because of this, information is not retained and rather just reprocessed for a test or until the course is over. Some steps are made to improve this, such as smaller discussion classes and office hour...

• Word Count: 1497
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Two years on, 10% of primary schools and 45% of middle schools were using computers in the classroom to aid teaching and learning. However, there was no increase in pupil's test scores subsequent to the implementation of the systems, and some scores actually went down. The article claims that the case study showed that Computer don't improve pupils' performance' and ... questions the wisdom of going down this route. It also suggests some alternative explanations for these findings, one being that the introduction of computers had displaced other educational activities which, had ... ...

• Word Count: 1217
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... three factors over which parents can exercise their authority: student absenteeism, reading materials in the home, and excessive television watching. This accounts for nearly 90 percent of the difference in test scores. In other words, most of the differences in achievement can be attributed to home practices. This means that families can improve their children's achievement in school by making sure ... may offer tutors or study aides. At school, parents should make an effort to have regular communication with their children's teachers. This will give the parent an opportunity to ask qu...

• Word Count: 1426
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate