... America's commitment to the protection of Israel, was the result of this policy, because of the "strategic service that Israel performs . . .acting as a barrier to Soviet penetration of the Middle East. As a result of the ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict, when the United States initiated it's relief aid program for Israel, "oil producing states boldly used oil a weapon, including embargoing oil for ... with military force, and through diplomacy. Henry Kissinger stressed the importance of strong Arab states as well as a strong Israel when he states, "The best defense against communism in the ...

• Word Count: 2270
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... three essential agreements during WWI, and the affects following World War I. Before World War I, the declining Ottoman Empire had two rising movements that would begin the conflict in the Middle East. The first movement is Zionism which called for a nation state for Jewish people. "Palestine was simultaneously the scene of a confrontation with Zionism that became a key issue ... the Central Powers. However, unlike the perceptions Hussein and the British government had regarding this agreement, the Balfour declaration became a policy through Jewish activists. After 1918, the Middle Eas...

• Word Count: 1892
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Geography Palestine is an area in the eastern Mediterranean region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea in Asia. Palestine territories include the Gaza Strip, West Bank, and parts of modern Israel. This region has a strategic location between Jordan in the east, Lebanon and part of modern Israel to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the west, and Negev and Gulf of Aqaba to the South. Syria, Egypt, and the Arabian nations are its neighboring countries. This region is also called the Holy Land because of its religious significance to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Historically, th...

• Word Count: 2254
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Definition of Israel Before we begin, let me remind you of the definition of Israel. Israel considers itself to be a Jewish state (formally codified in its 1948 Declaration of Independence), which means that its entire purpose is to provide what is commonly referred to as a "Jewish homeland". Why a race or religion must have a singular nation-state forcibly created for it is something of a mystery; my sons are white/Asian interracial, so they have no "racial homeland"; should this be considered a crisis? The natives of the Americas have no distinct "homeland" either; should families be dis...

• Word Count: 3452
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... competition among the superpowers for influence in this as yet disorganized region, as part of the future world order has begun; and this competition over regional influence in the Middle East has the potential to lead to global instability through the expansion of this competition to new areas. II. Issues Without political reform, the dangers of political instability and ... a globally competitive position to provide solar energy. Co-operating on trans-border power infrastructure might be a starting point for successful economic integration. Exports from North Africa and the Middle Eas...

• Word Count: 3677
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... over safeguarding their characters, lineages, societies or conventions and concentrate all the more on their academics. The second range I will talk about is the impact of segregation on Middle Easterner Americans in the work environment. Separation in the working environment happened in the result of September11th and, as with school understudies' encounters with segregation, attempting to comprehend ... about twenty standard changes, official requests and laws influencing settlers or non-foreigner guests, 15 of which predominately target Bedouins (Cainkar 2002 Center East Report). In 2...

• Word Count: 1885
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in a pivotal shift in global politics. The dire consequences for France, and Britain domestically and internationally illustrate how the Suez crisis saw the end of dominant British imperialism in the Middle East and beyond. The British reaction to the nationalization of the "jugular vein of the empire," (The Cabinet papers n.d) consequentially resulted in the "resignation of a ... as a way of undercutting western influence," (The Library of Congress n.d); a perceived offer to Egypt. America on the other hand eager to extend its influence in the Middle East, but not be manipulated or test...

• Word Count: 1540
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... will deal with consequences for democracy as seen by Benjamin Barber. This theory will then be used to elucidate the current situation in the Middle East. The role of the elite will be explored both through Snyder and Barbers perspectives. Furthermore, some of the ideas and theories purveyed throughout ... conflicts can be analyzed through Barbers opposite and competing forces. The conflict that will be analyzed in detail for this paper will be the Middle East conflict. This conflict was chosen because it presents the clearest example and the epitome of all the ills put forth in regards ...

• Word Count: 1599
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the British entered the war. Nevertheless, peace could not be maintained in the Middle East. Discord began intensifying as terrorism and counter-terrorism were becoming daily events between Egypt, Israel, and Syria. By 1967 the Middle East erupted once more. There were battles on the Israel-Syria border. President Nasser ... back over the Jordan river and Syria was defeated on the Golan Heights. After all these actions, Israel turned into the super power of the Middle East, with "its forces sitting on a large expanse of territory extending from the banks of the Suez Canal to the Jordan Ri...

• Word Count: 2822
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... de defined as a movement or attitude stressing strict and truthful loyalty to a set of basic principles. Islamic Fundamentalism, can be seen as the emergence from US interventions made in the Middle East states, that embedded is anti-western sentiment against Americans. That is a very true case today, as Gilbert Achcar in his book The Clash of Barbarisms: Sept 11 and the ... national developmentalist model, the petit bourgeoisie, and US support of regimes can all interrelate. All of these are main causes of anti-western fundamentalism that is spread throughout the entire Middle East. Dat...

• Word Count: 1586
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with Hebrew and Slav termilogy). The Ashkenazi community is different from the Sephardim, the Jews from Spain, Portugal and the Muslim countries in the Middle East and North Africa in language and religious rituals. Although most of the Jews assassinated during the Holocaust were Ashkenazim, it is generally estimated that ... countries, but increased again above 50 per cent as a result of the large scale immigration of Jews from the former Soviet Union and other East European countries at the end of the 1980's. Until 1977, Israeli politics were dominated by the Labour Party, mostly Ashk...

• Word Count: 5872
• Approx Pages: 23
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in her book, From Defense to Resistance: Justification of Violence During the French Wars of Religion. The Byzantines controlled all of Eastern Europe and parts of the Near East [commonly known as the Middle East] from 867-1453 with immense military strength and strong religious fervor (Parrow 45). The Romans controlled the rest of Europe and influenced much of the world for approximately ... the amount of time. In the eighth century, the Arab/Islamic Empire spread and entered into Europe through Spain. With this entrance, the Islamic Ottoman and Saffavid Empires controlled the entire N...

• Word Count: 1748
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... as a result, Israel invested heavily in developing a strong military machine. David Ben-Gurion, Israel's first prime minister, knew that building a militarily strong country was extremely important to survive in the Middle East: "Israel stood up by its own strength and will stand firm only if it trusts first and foremost in itself as a power of growing greatness." Despite this fierce independent posture ... neither acknowledged nor denied that nuclear weapons were being produced. The government held to the unvarying formulation that "Israel will not be the first to introduce nuclear wea...

• Word Count: 6784
• Approx Pages: 27
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... most part. Using the CIA Fact book at www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook to find information, the life consisting in Jordan becomes very clear. Jordan is located in the Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia with geographic coordinates of 31 00 N, 36 00 E and a total area of 92,300 square kilometers. The bordering countries of Jordan are Iraq, Israel, Saudi Arabia ... climate there is mostly arid desert with a rainy season in the West occurring November through April. The terrain is mostly desert plateau in the East and highland area in the West with the Great Rift Valley separating...

• Word Count: 1093
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that the country of Egypt has had a long and cherished history. Geographically located at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, Europe, and the middle east, Egypt's strategic position on the globe has tempted and been sought after by countless empires, regimes, and kingdoms throughout history. Yet the Egyptians ... served as a brigade in the 1948 war. The loss of this first modern Arab- Israeli conflict took a heavy toll on all the Arabs throughout the Middle East, as characterized in the name for that war in Arabic- al nakba, or "the catastrophe". The defeat of the Arab armies and the new iss...

• Word Count: 2218
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the end hams caused trouble to Israel as a strong opposition to its growth and stability. USA has to bear its responsibility in the Middle East to resolve the current disputes and to create a solution to the long troubled area. It is clear that the Palestinian society has many ... agreed to, and then refused to abide by the new agreements. Meanwhile successive governments were demolishing Palestinian homes, taking over Arab neighborhoods in East Jerusalem for Jewish housing, and seizing Palestinian land for new settlements. A massive new highway network built after 1993 on confiscated Pal...

• Word Count: 4875
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... but the city of Aqaba is Jordan's resort town offering the only diving and snorkeling sites and some swim able beaches Jordan is located in the Middle East and is land locked between Iraq, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and the West Bank of Israel. The terrain is made up of 80% desert ... in the summer feeling like an airless oven with daily temperatures above 96.8F but as high as 120F. With the climate to the south and east being mostly arid desert it makes for a most traitorous environment with little of no fresh water resources are always in demand. In the west there ... of a Jordania...

• Word Count: 1502
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... : fsu immigrants as of 1999 were not Jewish, and more than halves of those arriving in the late 1990s were non -Jewish." (Middle East pattern: p. 307) Immigration has been a major strategy of nation building in the state of Israel. The whole idea of immigration came in ... In the last few years there has been the unusual fact of the wide-scale arrival of non-Jewish workers. Some 300,000 East Europeans, Asians and Africans fill unqualified, poorly paid jobs, until now reserved for the Palestinians. These latter-day slaves are miserably housed ... eth! nic: Ashkenzis-Sephardi-Mizarhi-Russi...

• Word Count: 1811
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... who are believed to oppose the regime by smashing their teeth in, breaking their bones etc ) to his, own people, but to stabilise the whole of the Middle East. Why would we want to stabilise the Middle East? Well in 1967 three Arab nations (Egypt, Jordan and Syria) banded together under one man named Gamal Abdel-Nasser who started a war against Israel. For unknown ... reasons Israel defeated all three Arab nations. Now this isn't a history lesson on the Middle East but it does give you some indication of what can happen when a Nationalist Arab leader such as Gamal Abdel-Nasser can do, j...

• Word Count: 854
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... role of peacekeeper to protect their own interests, however generally they supported Israel and detested Egyptian president Nasser. The Sinai crisis solidified the framework of the Cold War in the Middle East - that is, from this point on the Soviet Union supported the Arabs, and the United States Israel. This theme continued in the following conflicts - the six-day war of 1967 ... the Soviet Union for their support, and Israel would not even exist without the financial and military support of the Americans. The Cold War had not only extended into the middle east, but played an importan...

• Word Count: 864
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of individual and communal existence. It is a system of sanctification in which all is to be subsumed under God's rule. Judaism originated in the Middle East, but Jewish communities have existed at one time or another in almost all parts of the world, a result of both voluntary migrations and forced ... centers were captured by the dynamic new faith of Islam, with only Constantinople remaining unconquered. Distinctive features of the Christian East contributed to its increasing alienation from the West, which finally produced the Great Schism, traditionally dated from 1054, when Rome and...

• Word Count: 1764
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... reached into southern Lebanon after the PLO was removed from Jordan and relocated there. The Israeli security has been threatened by attacks from militias from southern Lebanon. Also, Murhaf Jouejati, a Middle East Institute scholar-in-residence contends Syria views the State of Israel as a rouge state at best and still has no formal diplomatic relations with them. Among the reasons for this ... , these two countries share similar histories in the Arab world. With Damascus being the longest continually inhabited city in the world and Beirut one of the cultural centers of the Middle East,...

• Word Count: 3079
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... movement that, in spite of being divided into several underground groups, could exert great pressure on them by playing on public opinion and inter-Arab pressures. During the early and middle 1960's dissatisfaction with the Arab status quo fueled the growth of Palestinian nationalist groups. Most successful was Fatah, headed by Yasser Arafat (discussed below), which began military operations against Israel ... settlement among the parties concerned in the Arab-Israeli conflict, including the State of Palestine, Israel, and other neighbors, within the framework of the international confe...

• Word Count: 2168
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Violence and bloodshed descended upon the Holy Land. Large scale fighting among the Jews and the Palestinian and their Arab allies became the inevitable result. The fighting infected the entire Middle East and almost led to a worldwide conflict. Israel eventually won the war and expanded its territory. The end of war and subsequent Jewish control of Palestine created a huge refugee population, which ... began to create social stresses on adjacent Arab countries. Many Palestinians were dislocated throughout the Mid-East, which mainly created havoc in Lebanon and Jordan. This increased t...

• Word Count: 646
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the Israeli and Palestinian people. Another solution that is not plausible however is sometimes discussed is uniting the Palestinian people and the Israeli people into one state. Farsakh of the Middle East Journal says that the "calling for an including single state in Israel/Palestine as an alternative to the two-state solution have grown louder because the Israeli-Palestinian peace ... must recognize the other state's right to exist. However, Israel is afraid that they are under threat because the Jewish population is a minority in comparison to the Arabs in the Middle-East. The Pales...

• Word Count: 2632
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate