... conducted during those months following the fall of Nanjing. The terrifying thought of what other suffering the people of Nanjing endured without being witnessed is unbearable. Of great importance are the letters of Dr. Robert Wilson, the only surgeon who stayed in the occupied capital. 24 letters he wrote for his family in America are reproduced. They told of the cases of "appalling" brutality, in the doctor's ... However, wounded soldiers, remnants of destroyed armies from the fronts, refugees from nearby places, old and young, flooded into NanJing from ZhongShan gate and ZhongHua gate...

• Word Count: 7379
• Approx Pages: 30
• Grade Level: High School

... diagnosed with shell shock. There he met Siegfried Sassoon, who served as a mentor and introduced him to well-known literary figures like Robert Graves and H.G. Wells. At this time he wrote his most important poems. Owen rejoined his regiment in June 1918 and was killed on the 4th ... renowned poems. The title is in Latin, and when translated into English, it means "It is sweet and fitting". The poem is written from the point of view of one of the soldiers; often saying "we" did this, or "we" did that. Owen could be referring to his personal experience during the war. Owen wrote ... Th...

• Word Count: 2724
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... involved with the research. In 1939 U.S. scientists urged President Franklin Roosevelt to establish a program to study the potential military use of fission, and $6,000 was appropriated to conduct research on the issue (Britannica). One of the physicists researching the atomic bomb, J. Robert Oppenheimer, realized that the most efficient way to work more closely and in secret was to set up one single lab ... in order to find enough uranium and plutonium for use in several bombs. Engineers worked out how it could be detonated by charges of TNT. By the middle of 1945, the experiments were...

• Word Count: 3980
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Nations buys half of the world's vaccines for children, protects 22 million refugees. The United Nations main agencies and the focuses are: UNICEF- Children ERC- Emergency Relief UNHCR- Refugees WFP- Food UNDP-Development UNCTAD-Trade UNESCO- Education and Science The United Nations just as many other organizations in the world has seen success and failures, whereas in my view more failure ... than success. I"ll focus my argument more on its peacekeeping policies and world governance. The United Nations has failed in numerous instances to prevent or intervene in global or regional confl...

• Word Count: 3307
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , different revolutionary perspectives struggled against each other and formed their own fronts to fight themselves through the end. Like said by Robert Bates in his article, "Despite the distance in time and space, independence was followed in each case by decades of political instability, violent conflict and economic stagnation. "1 US and USSR, at that stage defending their own ideologies and containing ... put the country under decades long split. Moreover, what exceeded their scope was the fact that, their intervention had elevated domestic hatred to an unexpected level, by putting r...

• Word Count: 2819
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... into Canada. This war was decided on the battlefield, as well as the oceans and the Great Lakes. The Royal Navy had blockaded many of the harbors of the United States, and thus the United States declared war on Great Britain. Even though the United States was outnumbered in ships in their navy ... Lawrence, had the words "Don't give up the ship", inscribed on his battle flag due to the slaying of his mentor James Lawrence (Dillon 98). Earlier, Commodore Robert H. Barclay had the American fleet pinned down outside of Presque Isle Bay when the Lawrence and the Niagra were crossing a Sand B...

• Word Count: 2522
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... writes about how his pencil breaks while he is writing, which is not a major concern. At the end of the poem he writes, (Guh! Christ! I"m hit. Take "old. Aye, bad. No, damn your iodine. Jim? "Ere! Write my old girl, Jim, there's a dear.) (20-22) The poem progressively gets worse and in the ... man dies from a wound. The last lines contrast to the line where he tells his wife that they are out of harm's way. Owen also uses the dialect of the soldiers. Instead of a poet who knows nothing of WWI writing in flowing colorful diction, "The Letter" is obviously written by a man who experienced...

• Word Count: 2584
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the early 1990s, and the Theory of Constraints (TOC) and its five focusing steps, Throughput accounting identifies only three measurements (a) throughput, (b) inventory and (c) operating expense. Throughput essentially is sales revenue, inventory a liability (because of storage, handling, obsolescence and rework issues); operating is anything not encompassed by either of the above. Philosophies such as the balanced scorecard, developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton address the dangers ... of over reliance on financial information. The balance scorecard evaluates performance from a n...

• Word Count: 3169
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in an icy bath-(103). These poor men not equipped with winter clothes. Also reality, all luck when and where shells fall You see plane going by..then shell fall later in afternoon "impending doom. "There is nothing once becomes accustomed to more easily than a bombardment-(146) 150-Get's orders ... it seems close, this ultimately explains courage .men on battlefield not acting bravely. They are acting out of personal honor which is reinforced when all comrades are to "I have always noticed that by some fortunate reflex, death ceases to appear very terrible the moment it seems close: it i...

• Word Count: 3539
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: High School

... but I wanted it to be clearly understood that this could only be on a basis of the mutual observations of agreements and not on the basis of a one-way street. I have never been talked to like that in my life, Molotov said. I told him, Carry out your agreements and you wont get ... this extremely confusing. It appeared as thought the Americans were insisting upon national self-determination for the countries within the Soviet-occupied regions of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe while at the same time claiming that the freely elected governments in these countries would be friendly to the ...

• Word Count: 5160
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... this time, Hitler was planning operation Sealion, which would be an attempt to invade Britain. As ever, the Royal Navy was Britain's first and last line of defense. The German's smaller navy hardly stood a chance against the determined British forces. Consequently, Hitler relied heavily on the powerful Luftwaffe, the German ... Boer War broke out, the London Morning Post sent Churchill into the field as a reporter. A month after arriving in South Africa he was captured by the Boers but quickly made a daring escape. When he returned to England in 1900 he ran for election again and won. "En...

• Word Count: 3345
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... interpretation, which is also known as the "No Transfer Corollary." He declared "neither Cuba nor Puerto Rico could be transferred to any other powers by Spain." The second corollary was created by President James K. Polk. During his term, a wave of patriotism and colonization swept the nation. Texas requested admission into the United States. However, due to conflicts in Washington, Texas was denied admission ... the entire continent as rapidly as other peoples might desire to bring themselves under our protection In view of the facts which had been laid be-fore me, and with an earnest...

• Word Count: 2509
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography

... has her roots grounded on the major principles of communism. As a major sociological framework, conflict theory seeks to explain the dynamic nature of human relations heavily saturated with opposing interests and the perpetual threat of violence. Marxist arguments elucidate basic sociological concepts such as stratification, power, inequality, and alienation. Furthermore, my interest here is to present and describe the ... problems and failures of communism amidst the increasing spread of global economy borrowing significant experiences from different regions in the globe. The socialist-...

• Word Count: 5382
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the way Sun Tzu suggested to in the last chapter of his book. Initially, in the Civil War, the Confederates had the advantage. However, the Union soon gained the lead by the use of intelligence techniques, such as propaganda, reconnoissance and undercover spies. First, the use of propaganda can be seen as a technique ... The next two techniques the Union used to win Civil war can also be seen in Sun Tzu's book, in the first and last chapter. The use of reconnoissance and inward spies helped the Union gain intelligence on the South, as well as protect their own information. The Union had...

• Word Count: 2957
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the Japanese and was a milestone in the campaign. Del Valle was awarded a Distinguished Service Medal for his leadership in the fight and the subsequent occupation and reorganization of Okinawa. Shuri Castle had been shelled by the battleship USS Mississippi for three days prior to this advance. Due to this, the 32nd Army withdrew to the south and thus the marines had an ... 1st Marine Division's assigned zone and only frantic efforts by the commander and staff of the 77th Infantry Division prevented an American air strike and artillery bombardment which would have resulted in many cas...

• Word Count: 2698
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... actors involved, and the major strategic geometric patterns this produced. The second part of my essay will comprise an analysis of the evolution of the system, and the tenets of the new post cold war system, drawing attention at the same time to the usefulness of the concept of strategic geometry to explain the transition. quadrangles and triangles One may even conceptualize pre -Cold War international ... relations in strategic geometric terms: the past is replete with instances of three-way interactions between Japan, China and the Soviet Union. According to Mandlebaum, the fate of t...

• Word Count: 4761
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... acting against Marlow. He describes the conditions in the jungle as "Thick- and "Sluggish-. His experiences also led him to a deterministic view of man. ("Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)-). Determinism is the belief that man does not have free will. External and internal forces, as well ... extended their political influence into these regions, they were charged to spread European culture as well ("The Berlin Conference: The General Act of Feb. 26, 1885-, http://www.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob45 .html). Conrad witnessed this expansion when he himself traveled into ... create a microco...

• Word Count: 4223
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

... 1940, however it seemed his over-confidence led him to bite off more then he could chew. Failing utterly and only being saved by the efforts of the Germans he then tried to invade North Africa and Yugoslavia but was also met with failure. Finally, after so many failed attempts ... , the better equipped and numerous Bolsheviks could not be defeated. The Russians, having experienced such years of torment at the rule of the Tsars were not willing to return to that path, so when the last of the invaders and dissenters were repelled, the Bolsheviks took complete power. They ruled for seventy-f...

• Word Count: 8195
• Approx Pages: 33

... was a rather violent figure he reconnected with his face and made friends with his enemies in the last twenty years of his life. His adoption of pacifism was of upmost importance to Rua, who was told stories of Te Kooti's life and peaceful ideologies from a young age. Along with other pacifists such as Te ... This deeply upset the Tuhoe tribe who had fought tirelessly to put an end to the land confiscations and surveying as brought about by the Native Land Court. Nevertheless, in an attempt to isolate the Tuhoe further, the government brought land around the Ureweras, following ... in t...

• Word Count: 2754
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... - the US, the USSR, England, and at the last stage of the war France - increasingly reflect the new balance of power in the world. Neither Britain nor France, nor even, defeated Germany could not play in the post-war period of the previous role of the guarantor of balance and stability on the European continent. The international prestige of the United States and the Soviet Union, extraordinarily ... after the war proved to be financially dependent on the United States. Relying on such a significant economic advantage, and financial dependence on Europe as a whole, American politicians ...

• Word Count: 4151
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... fashions. Before the mass production from World War II effected the diner system, Americans saw many different styles of architecture pop up all over the country that were determined by who made the diner and where it was. The Tierney diner, as seen in Figure 1, was the ... with a raised clerestory to add natural light to the interior from above. Operable windows made the feel of the environment more user friendly now that ventilation could be controlled by the public. The exteriors were artistically painted and the interiors was finished with natural wood, gold-leaf ... eating places wi...

• Word Count: 2601
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography

... Devil, otherwise understood as good and evil. The book travels alongside the boys into their descent into savagery and reveals underlying conflicts of human behaviour that are covered by civilization. The evil within man is shown through Jack who is quickest to bare his animalistic and savage ways and untie his ... in. At first he aims stones to miss at a litl'un, due to his conditioning from civilization which made him fearful of punishment for harming others. By the end of the story, Roger's target is the other boys and he no longer aims to miss. Roger shows his barbaric side and reve...

• Word Count: 3388
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Soviet Union was at a crucial crossroads in history. Either they could continue the hard-line, socialist policies set forth by Stalin and embraced by Brezhnev and fall into a pit of worthlessness, or the Soviet Union could try and integrate itself more into the world society moving toward entente. Economically speaking ... his contemporaries represent. This process began with Gorbachev's shifting responsibility for policy from the Party to the state in the form of the Congress of Peoples' Deputies elected by the people. However, the people were not willing to let it rest there, and contin...

• Word Count: 3267
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Second World War. These young women, most of them Korean, were lured by the promise of jobs or were kidnapped by the Japanese. Upon their arrival at these comfort stations, they were subjected to repeated rape and beating for resisting sex. They were simply discarded when they got too sick to be of any use. During the last months of World War II, most Comfort Women were ... murdered or left to die by retreating Japanese troops. (Kazuko) Surviving comfort women have suffered permanent injury from disease, psychological trauma, or social ostracism. None ... of them have ever received any...

• Word Count: 4553
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... "-created states in the Balkans, the Austria-Hungary monarchy would go to pieces" (M.C Cochran, The real causes of war). Thus Slav nationalism could not be tolerated by the Austrians, this belief is important in the lead up to war as it dictates Austria's measures against Serbia ... of the Great War though it was important as the assassination basically begun the "July crisis" which begin the final stages to all out war. Another factor to why nationalist resistance to foreign rule resulted to war was that they disturbed the peace that Europe had since the last major European war in 1871. ...

• Word Count: 2969
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate