... people don't know what cloning actually entails and what the possible side effects of a cloned animal or even human could be. Scientists have spent many hours trying to clone humans and many different farm animals which could be helpful in the way of food production. Cloning has many components that ... span a vast spectrum for producing another living being. Mainly, human and animal cloning are the two that are widely talked about. There ... with human stem cells and their organs are being used for transplantation in humans. On the other hand, cloning actually creates another human or ...

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... be mass-produced to be provided as medicine. "The most immediate benefit is likely to be the faster, more efficient production of therapeutic human proteins in the milk of transgenic4 farm animal species. These drug products of biotechnology have already aided persons with blood deficiencies and serious infections among other conditions."" (McCuen, 89). At the Genzyme Transgenic, they are developing ... that " scientists will clone animals that produce more milk and meat simply as a means of improving profits."" Breslin believes that the introduction of cloning will open new avenues of a...

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... need bacteria (containing chymosin for cheese). Bread and beer are made from cereals using yeast. Transgenic animals capable of producing useful recombinant proteins are the latest of biotechnological developments. "A Transgenic animal has had a gene (or genes) either removed or added to its genome" (Dr Ed Wraith, 11/2002) Introduced genes, called transgenes, come form a species different from the host organism. By ... carrying this extra piece of DNA, an animal can synthesise proteins normally produced by other species. This has been possible in bacteria and organisms such as yeast for...

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... are the benefits? The term genetically modified food (or GM foods) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. These plants are created to enhance nutritional value or increase the resistance to herbicides. The old method ... of the same concerns arise with this issue as well. An example is farmed raised salmon. A report from a panel of authorities stated that if farm-raised salmon that have had their genes altered to speed growth were released into the wild, they could compete more successfully for ...

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... changed for the better because, as mentioned above, pesticides would not be longer needed, and chemicals could be avoided. Moreover, genetic engineering could avoid the use of hormones in animals. Farm animals could be genetically modified so productivity could be increased. For example, cows could be genetically modified to produce more milk. Hormones, as well as pesticides, can have a terrible effect ... on the human body; it has been proved that some of the synthetic hormones that are feed to the farm animals increase the risk of getting cancer. This is just one of the many effects h...

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... . In an interview the doctor said he wanted to create animals that could be used for medical research, and not to clone humans. Few experts think that sheep or other farm animals would be the only animals to be cloned (Kolata 612). Although cloning is illegal in Britain and many other countries, there are no laws against it in the United ... actually do it because it would be going against everything we desire for the human race(Kolata 613). According to Justin Gillis in his story "Keeping Them Down on the Farm" he believes that genetically manipulated and cloned cows, sheep, and other a...

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... genetic engineering is the technique of artificially modifying the genetic make-up of living organisms. It is even possible to exchange genes over natural species barriers [source 1]. For example, animal genes may be inserted into plants, and vice versa. Genetic engineering is also called gene manipulation, DNA manipulation and gene splicing. Genetic engineering changes the physical properties of organisms, ... the number of types of animals being used in the research. Genetically engineered organisms are being used in many different aspects of society today, including agriculture, biome...

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... United States as well as the rest of the world. Critics of genetic engineering argue that it creates numerous risks and concerns. These include environmental and ecological issues, ethical issues, animal and human health risks, and social, economic, and control issues. Supporters of biotechnology point out the direct benefits to consumers and farmers especially in underdeveloped countries. The genetic modification ... out genetic diversity, making it impossible to breed new strains of plants. (Hayden, 1) One such case occurred in Maymont, Saskatchewan with an organic farmer. Dale Beaudoin...

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... desired trait. Once introduced, the selected genes acts like any other gene- it provides instructions for making a protein. The protein then determines a characteristic in the genetically modified plant or animal. In short, the process has been speeded up and refined. Farmers no longer need to wait patiently for breeding to yield improved crops and animals, nor must they even respect ... natural lines of reproduction among species. Laboratory scientist can now copy genes from any organism-plant, animal, or microbe. Their work is changing not only the way farmers plant, fertilize, and har...

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... pneumoniae, a bacterium that can synthesize a polysaccharide around itself. This ability allows it to be immune to the attacks upon it by the bacterial defenses in the body of the infected animal. When a bacterium is grown on a solid medium, it forms a clone called a colony, and the enveloping polysaccharide gives the colony a smooth appearance. Thus, they are called smooth (S) strains. Sometimes, a mutation in ... gives it a rough (R) appearance. R strains do not cause pneumonia, because they do not have the polysaccharide around them, so the bacteria are inactivated by the immune syst...

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... stomach. My primary concern would be the preservation of the democratic process against manipulation and invisibility." (Wall Street Journal, 12/22/99) On the flip side you have the California Farm Bureau Federation's Cynthia Cory, director of marketing and labor for the 85,000-member state farming organization, saying, "We're not against consumer information if it tells you something. But ... when the first products were ready for market, all developers of biotech plant varieties have consulted extensively with FDA and all such varieties commercialized have been safe for human and anim...

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... against the natural world. They provide more food for more people and can resist disease and insects by themselves. As well as with plants, scientists are making chickens and other farm animals bigger so they will sell for more and provide more and better meat to consumers. The upside to bioengineered food is that the food must go through strenuous testing ... we are currently getting from animals by killing them. We can also keep the worlds wondrous animals from dying out by cloning them to start a whole new generation of that animal. Also, children can have a clone made of them so the...

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... and more accepted benefits would be that of genetic farming. This will bringforth new crops, nutritious produce, biopesticides, new resources, and edible vaccines incorporated into food products. Understanding plant and animal genomes will allow us to create stronger, more disease resistant plants and animals. Not only reducing the cost of agriculture, it will also provide more nutritious, disease free foods. Today ... growers are using bioengineered seeds to grow insect and drought resistant crops requiring no pesticide. Researchers are currently trying to enable livestock and farm pla...

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... when a plant modified to be resistant to a herbicide or pesticide spreads and cross-breeds, creating plants that are also resistant when they shouldn't be. For instance, modified plants planted at a farm can spread and grow in an unwanted area, taking over (since they are resistant and therefore better adapted) and possibly killing the original plants in that area. This could lead ... unaware and put into danger. A perfect example is when "Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. developed a genetically engineered soybean using a gene from a Brazil nut to increase the protein content of its a...

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... on. This type of engineering is the growing of nerve cells, liver cells, heart cells, skin cells, among others. These cells are formed from stem cells extracted from a person or animal's blood. This way people can have repairs made from their own blood cells. This is a very new field in science. It is still not possible to create a bionic human being ... organs in just a couple of weeks. The cells are grown on a scaffold to give them form and shape. Scientists are also discussing tissue engineered food to replace the slaughtering of farm animals. Blade Runner incorporates cloning as wel...

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... reasons as well. However, genetic engineering is imprecise and unpredictable. By inserting genes from organisms that have never been eaten as food, new proteins are introduced into the human and animal food chains. There is concern that these could cause serious environmental problems, or worse it can cause health problems to humans. Splicing foreign genetic material into genomes, creating new organisms ... USA EPA predicts that most target insects will be resistant within 3 to 5 years. Furthermore, the crop is toxic to harmless and beneficial insects. The caterpillar of the Monarch but...

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... was the first company to market frying oil (soybean) without trans-fatty acids. Other foods that have been made include corn with increased starch levels, amino acid enhanced corn for animal feed and beta-carotene producing rice. The use of genetically altered crops can help reduce the pollution due to the use of harmful pesticides and insecticides. These plants will deter ... and molecular farming production becomes more efficient, on larger-scale, lower-value products such as industrial chemicals or biodegradable plastics should lead to larger-scale opportunities for agricultural prod...

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