... environment, the level of administrative support, procedures for recognizing and rewarding work efforts, equality values within organizations, mental health safety ambiance and the physical workplace (Harvey et al. 2014). To workout a mentally healthy well-­-being, organizations must have due processes procedures, involving nurses in decision-­-making, have respectful well-­-defined interaction amongst various ... levels of the organization (Jane-­-Llopis et al. 2011). Furthermore, an organizational culture that values autonomy and clear communication on the individual and level whic...

• Word Count: 1570
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... their own needs, but in making an effort to educate and treat on a global level given that the world is becoming a larger global community, (Ervin, 2005;Frieden, et al., 2005;Newman, et al., 2006). There are also other barriers within the United States. Conservative political groups still view sexually transmitted diseases as punishment for "sinning," or immoral lifestyles. It is ... society means that now the pathway is open to effect greater political change and gain greater access to resources via public pressure on policy makers, (Ervin, 2005;Frieden, et al., 2005;Newman, et al., 200...

• Word Count: 3192
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , Gillespie, Chaboyer, McInnes, Kent and Whitty put forward notions that too frequent repositioning has a negative effect on a patient's wellbeing, namely on sleep cycles. Gillespie (et al., 2012) argued that while two hourly repositioning underpinned current state guidelines by the Queensland Government (2008), this schedule can produce sleep disruption and fragmentation which in acutely ill ... patients, can prolong recovery, decrease immune function and make patients vulnerable to infection. Like the recommendations put forward by the Queensland Government (2009) and by Moore (et al.,...

• Word Count: 1579
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... activity and to a lesser extent, through employee compensation taxes. The figure below reflects the estimated tax generated for 2014 alone and then cumulatively through 2020. (University of Missouri, et al., 2012) If Missouri chooses not to expand Medicaid, they leave a large sum of federal dollars on the table. Justice Scalia noted in his dissent opinion in the Supreme ... from public to private payers following Medicaid expansion. "Cost shifting is the economic phenomenon of setting different prices for identical services based upon the payer " (University of Missouri, et al., 2012). I...

• Word Count: 2266
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Adolescents decision to seek confidentiality extends to numerous reasons: fear parental reprisal, fear effects to self esteem or social status, and their need for independence (Du Gas et al., 1999). Sigman et al (1997), discuss two philosophical arguments when it comes to confidentialy of teens. The first is referred to the consequence of behaviour and states that confidentiality results in full ... which confidentiality might be breached. Blind adherence to absolute confidentiality, or absence of confidentiality (in deference to parental wishes), is neither desirable nor required by ...

• Word Count: 2031
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

... the physician (practitioner) tries to enter the patient's world, to see the illness through the patient's eyes by behaviour that invites and facilitates the patient's openness- (Levenstein et al, 1989, p.111). Burnard recommends the following strategy, with the acronym "SOLER-: Sit Squarely in relation to the client. Maintain an Open position. Lean slightly towards the client ... the environment be a private room without a telephone, and with soundproofing, in order to prevent distractions or interruptions. Figure 1 - Levels of interpersonal skills, taken from Kagan et al (1986). The mode...

• Word Count: 1316
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Relevance of the Statement of Significance of the Research. Kyngãs (1999, pg 195) states "non-compliance with health is a major problem-. LaGreca (1990), Michauf et al (1991), Bosley et al (1995) and Adams et al (1997) support this statement as their studies have shown that approximately "50% of all chronically ill adolescents show poor compliance-. Previous studies have also indicated "asthma is the ... was directly involved with favourably support the findings of the current study. The statistic "50% of all chronically ill adolescents show poor compliance- (LaGreca (1990), Michauf et ...

• Word Count: 1644
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... despite their widespread success worldwide. For example, hip resurfacing was not available in the United States of America despite resounding success around the world in many medical tourism hospitals (Horowitz, et al., 2007) Furthermore, the patients who pay out of pocket, and even some patients with higher deductibles, find that some procedures are so costly that they could not simply afford them ... or absence of malpractice insurance allow many developing countries to offer some procedures at 10 per cent of the cost in the United States, inclusive of travel and accommodation (Hopkin...

• Word Count: 1368
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , because of their closeness to the family living environment, are often in a privileged position to detect problems in traumatized refugee children and adolescents and to provide help (Rousseau et al, 2012). Substance Abuse As previously stated, mental health professionals report that substance abuse is one of the main problems presenting in the refugee population. The presence of a mental ... care settings, where proximity-based care has been effective in improving access to services among adult refugee patients as there is less stigma associated with community-based services (Rousseau ...

• Word Count: 2537
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... behaviors that elicit a negative affect will likely be avoided. Interpersonal influence involves how the opinions, behaviors and beliefs of others can influence the likelihood engaging in certain behaviors (Pender et al., 2011, p. 48). Family, peers, role models, and health care providers are all sources of interpersonal relationships. If an individual lives in a household that exercises regularly and ... of avoidance that occur immediately prior to the desired action. Individuals have a low level of control over competing demands due to environmental contingencies like family and work ...

• Word Count: 1296
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is a major diagnosis with increasing mortality and disability rates. There are approximately five million patients in the United States with the diagnosis of CHF (Paradis, Cossette, Frasure-Smith, et al, 2010). According to Li, Morrow-Howell, and Proctor (2004), medication compliance is important with preventing hospitalizations of CHF patients and needs to be emphasized throughout the CHF patients' ... continually by healthcare providers. Recent studies identify CHF as the most common reason for hospitalizations of the elderly which costs Medicare approximately ten billion dollars (Lop...

• Word Count: 2013
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... (1988, p. 55). Another common theory is that physical, mental, and/or emotional impairments of the elder leave him or her dependent upon the caregiver and vulnerable to abuse. Godkin, et al. found that elders who were abused had "significantly worse" cognitive functioning and emotional and mental health than a comparison group of non-abused elders (1898, 212). Interestingly, they found no ... external stressors those non-abusive caregivers. The classic example consists of the middle-aged child being "sandwiched" between parent(s) and child (ren) and required to care for both. Godkin et al...

• Word Count: 2251
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with education, literacy, and income. (Fuchs 1998) However, there is no public consensus about which services would improve health status, but class injustices in health persist. (Marchand, et. al.1998) For example, while reporters agree that the disparity between health status among Whites and African-Americans would remain after adjusting for infant mortality; race, ethnicity and income were ... health although the direction of the association is not clear. Educational level is a strong covariate with health as well as poverty and employment. (Fuchs 1998, La Viest et al 2000) Systemic...

• Word Count: 3543
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... used as well. The researchers used self-efficacy evaluations which were evaluations that represent an individual's confidence or belief in her ability to perform that particular target behavior. (Sherman et al, 231) Within the study they defined the roles of the peer counselors and established that social support was the most important. (232) They recruited peer counselors by defining a ... Behavior: Peer Counseling for Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Recovery. SISTERS provided groups of women with intervention and peer counseling as well as the comparison groups to obtain data. (Sherma...

• Word Count: 2837
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... people lived. Explanations for why mortality differences were relatively unaffected were sought. One explanation developed was "The behavioural approach to the prevention of degenerative diseases" (Blane et al ,1996, pg5). The behavioural approach focused attention on individual choices, that led to health damaging behaviour. A number of studies were undertaken to examine health improvement ... factors can enhance individual health and well-being. There is evidence that highlights that unemployment can be detrimental to individual's physical and mental health. (Bartley 1994; Barnett et...

• Word Count: 2122
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... energy dense such as fast-food and low intake of fruits and vegetables are echoed, Savige (cited by Grieger, et al., 2012) and low nutrient intake may be a contributory factor of being an obese, as stated by Lytle, Bradlee, Landis et al.( cited by Grieger, et al., 2012). Having these different trends and ways on how to manufacture foods in our generation and be more advanced ... personality and well managed feelings of oneself for this is can contribute to the emotional intelligence of a nurse that affects the way of caring, Mayer & Salovey (as cited by Ranjha, et al., 2010) which in th...

• Word Count: 2630
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

... by the media and a result of the general public attitudes and preconceived ideas. Nurses should analyse any views or misconceptions that they might have regarding indigenous people. Reid et al, 2000 also encourages that nurses do not take a universal approach when addressing issues relating to indigenous population. Nursing care should begin and end by treating every indigenous person ... cultural beliefs and practices into any nursing planning and intervention. This requires nurses to understand and accept that these patients may view the world differently from themselves and Ramsden e...

• Word Count: 2209
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... problem that was "apparent" to co-workers and supervisors. Many functioning alcoholic workers who did not exhibit work-related problems were never identified by this mean (Gerstein et. al, 1990). Consequently, the EAP counselors were unable to address throngs of employees with alcohol-related problems. EAP referrals were dichotomous in nature. Anonymous self-referrals that represent ... individual help seeking and formal documented referrals that represent supervisory implementation of policy-driven social control were the thrust behind EAP referrals (French et al. 1997). That is, EAP r...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... hence this could be highlighted as being an area in which the team is failing to provide such continuity as suggested by Wraight et al (1993, Hobbs 1993, Hall 1996 and Shallow 2001a). A team may be described as: "A purposeful and cohesive group with both a sense of ... identity and clearly defined aims (Marson et al 1990), however, there is no single accepted definition of team midwifery (Wraight et al 1993, Hall 1996, Shallow 2001a). Whilst there are few definitions of team midwifery one definition used for a trial ... evidently may have been perceived as unfair, however many midwives ...

• Word Count: 3914
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... health care increases. So what can managed care do to stop this potential unraveling and make themselves more appealing to both employers and potential customers? According to Draper et al (2002), managed care plans have historically relied on two key strategies to enable them to offer expanded benefits with limited financial responsibility for consumers and cost containment for ... in provider negotiations. Due to changing markets and the continued increases in health care costs despite managed care, plans have begun to depart from these two exclusive strategies. Draper et al (2003) list...

• Word Count: 1069
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... number of stroke. In clinical practice, many medical decisions are complex and require systematic approach to facilitate decision making and enabling the clear formulation of care plan. Barrett ,D. et al( 2012) mention clinical reasoning cycle as a formal decision-making tool which facilitate sequential problem solving and allows health care professional to better assess, develop and implement the best ... outcomes. It involves collecting cues, processing the information, be aware of a patient situation, plan and implement interventions, evaluate outcomes, and reflect from the process (...

• Word Count: 3565
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... emergencies. For example people can state whether or not they are organ donors, put forth requests for funeral arrangements, and organize assets (Morhaim et al e8). Now that the options of an advanced directive are understood we can explore what it really means to have these documents, and ... put themselves in a position to end up like Terri Schiavo in the case of a medical emergency by not creating an advanced directive. In fact, Morhaim et al, published in The Journal of Public Health, has labeled the lack of advanced directives in the United States as a, "personal, economic, public p...

• Word Count: 2238
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... lead to some workers having allergic reactions. According National Center for Farmworkers Health, "Agriculture is frequently ranked as one of the most dangerous industries in the nation" (Saltz et.at, 3). The death rate is extremely high with 780 deaths in 2000, "The only industry that had more deaths was construction, with 1,220.1" (Hanson, Donohoe 3). The poor working ... of residues from hands on to food. A focus group based research study discovered that, "Farmworkers often lack access to basic information about pesticides applied at their worksites"(Flocks et.al, 1). The study furt...

• Word Count: 962
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... telemedicine, interactive video conferencing and store and forward image and record transmission have made it possible to deliver health care services across distances (Petersen, & LaMarche, 2000 & Strode et al., 1999). For the most part, consultations via the Internet or video conferencing are the major ways that health care services are currently provided via telemedicine (Ashley, 2002). Coile ... been established and, although telemedicine can ignore or transcend traditional geographic boundaries, practical boundaries still exist in terms of interstate licensure, legal liability, and...

• Word Count: 5573
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Neglect • Abuse and harm • Anger • Miscommunication • Information overload • Confusion • Frustration • Duplication of service provision • Disempowerment According to Reeves at al. 2010, interprofessional partnership is an activity based on: • Common goals (e.g. effective care for the patient) • Roles and responsibilities clearly made • Commitment • Coordinated team members & ... factor in offering effective health and care services. Partnership working generates positive and negative outcomes for: • Service user • Professionals • Organisations According to ...

• Word Count: 2490
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School