... ? This is a western, individualistic way of thinking, but it makes sense. One of the replies to the article (which can be found at http://home.eol.ca/~smithda/exeden/communistemail.html, as there seems to be no startup page for this website), an e-mail by Chris Irwin, takes a different approach to the subject of "monetary equality." "You [the author of "FAQ"] claim that through lack ... of incentives (money) that people will not work [as hard] as the person who is lax gets the same," argues Irwin. "While a good suggestion at first ... glance, when dwelving (sic) into this, I feel that m...

• Word Count: 1396
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... political crimes or demonstrated signs of unacceptable views. These political prisoners were called "enemies of the people." Alexandr Solzhenitsyn was a Russian novelist, historian, former prisoner of the Gulag and critic of Soviet totalitarianism. He helped to raise awareness of the Gulag and the Soviet Union's forced labor camps system. Author of "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich," Solzhenitsyn ... uses the text to describe the work camps as a microcosm of the society of the USSR during the mid 20th century. Soviet ... society during that time lacked elementary human rights, inc...

• Word Count: 1312
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... and relinquish all offensive ammunitions to the U.S.S.R. The message was the first of many in a chain of direct and indirect correspondence amid the White House and the Kremlin during the course of the conclusion of the contingency. Kennedy furthermore used national television that night in order to update the citizens of the unraveling intensification in Cuba, his judgment to institute and administer a ... from Cuba if the United States promised not to invade the island" (The Cuban Missile Crisis). As the White House staff rushed to evaluate the legitimacy of this proposition, Khrushche...

• Word Count: 2157
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the obvious civil rights breach that was "The House of Un-American Activities Activities" caused massive distress on the political, social, and economic status in America. Their pleas of corruption and conspiracy led to the paralysis of independent thought and the welcomed beginning of mass conformity. Throughout the Red Scare, the political landscape of the nation changed drastically. Hundreds were caught up in ... warfare. The economy thrived during this period due to the long term thinking of the everyday consumer, and domestic companies and American industries expanded due to foreig...

• Word Count: 1414
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Party in Russia. Gorbachev inherited by his predecessors a stagnant economy and a "well fed" bureaucracy. Moreover, he was called to face a population that had learned to live in fear of the government and that didn't trust the government's promises and actions. As Gorbachev was gaining power quickly in the Party, he introduced some radical reforms that he believed would benefit ... from free-market reformers, and from nationalists and secessionists seeking independence for their republics. The hard-liners, who included many top government officials, staged a coup in August, placing Gor...

• Word Count: 1341
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... those privileges that he is getting, and he slowly becomes human as the book progresses. All this is an allegory to Russian Revolution. All of the characters of the farm have a special role in Russian Revolution. The farm itself represents Russia, with its poor conditions and unjust leaders. Napoleon resembles ... with Snowball, and the 5th commandment finding its way to "No animal shall drink alcohol to excess" when the pigs stumble across a large supply of alcohol in the house. In the final chapter, the Seven Commandments are modified to form only one rule - "ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL, BUT...

• Word Count: 1541
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... at Ekateringburg on July 17th, 1918. After his abdication in March 1917, Nicholas and his family had been put under house arrest and kept just outside of St. Petersburg. As the civil war developed, the whole family was sent to Tolbolsk in Siberia and from here to Ekateringburg ... a few commanders loyal to the Tsar who forced their soldiers to shoot into the crowd, killing several people. With Petrograd in the hands of revolutionaries, Nicholas had no choice but to abdicate the throne. Believing that he could somehow still save the dynasty, Nicholas II signed the abdication ... governme...

• Word Count: 1936
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... her. While escorting loaded British ships across the Atlantic, the two fleet came under surprise attack from the German. Hitler had ordered sinking of any cargo ship the Germans met at sea. This prompted the British prime minister, Winston Churchill, and President Roosevelt to hold a secret ... . The United States was faced with two enormous tasks; fighting on two different fronts- in the Pacific and Europe. Secondly, a large number of her military had been wound. This forces the US government to conduct a recruitment exercise. With such a high demand for servicemen, the US ... occupy i...

• Word Count: 1625
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... . Reagan changed his political party affiliation in the 1950s because he "believed that the Democratic Party had been taken over by "tax-and-spend" liberals who had forgotten the warnings of Thomas Jefferson and Woodrow Wilson that government was a threat to liberty" (p. 48-9). Reagan turned toward conservatism, which offered a stable foundation with American ideas and values. Reagan preferred not ... , and understood that the Soviet Union was facing an inevitable collapse. The Iran-contra scandal involved several separate operations. The United States secretly sold weapons to the terror...

• Word Count: 1676
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... lords. She was beaten by the Polish and Lithuanian gentry. She was beaten by the British and French capitalists. She was beaten by the Japanese barons. All beat her because of her backwardness, military backwardness, cultural backwardness, political backwardness, industrial backwardness- (Internet Site 3). If Joseph Stalin had not introduced measures to rapidly industrialise Russia before Nazi Germany invaded in ... destroy Russia and communism. "The policy that Stalin advocated and pursued came to be called "socialism in one country"" (Cowie, 1994, p159). Stalin argued that the socialist...

• Word Count: 1272
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Gorki pointed out that "one cannot help seeing that market relations are inevitably accompanied in capitalist society by deep social stratification, the deepening of inequality and the concentration of wealth in the hands of a small segment of society. (Problems)" The graph shows Soviet real incomes from 1983 to 1993 (see fig.1). It indicates that the income significantly fell ... a hundred-day moratorium in Lithuanians to declare independence (Pravda). Similar events were widely held in Eastern Europe through 1990s. The organizations were secretly supported by western government. A repor...

• Word Count: 1863
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Party split into two different groups, the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. The Bolsheviks believed that the revolution should be lead by a small group of dedicated and skilled revolutionaries, they would lead the party and make all the decisions. The Mensheviks believed that revolutionary should be run by a ... the throne Russia became a republic, this meant that they were not governed by a monarch but by an elected leader. After the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II there was an immediate consequence, who would lead Russia? It was left between the Provisional Committee and the Petrograd S...

• Word Count: 2288
• Approx Pages: 9

... game theory is the "chicken game". The chicken game consists in which two contenders drive their vehicles, one in front of the other, in a one way road. The point of the game is that they both drive rapidly towards each other and the first who a deviate is considered as the chicken or ... the other one remains silent, one will go away with nothing and the other prisoner will get the whole sentence. To get a fuller understanding of this game you can see this example in the movie Batman: the Dark Knight when the joker puts bombs in two ferries and tells the people ... the following paragra...

• Word Count: 1645
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... essential tasks to be completed with haste. The first priority was to establish radio communication within occupied Poland, followed by the next step of establishing a Polish courier system that would allow for messages to reach from eastern to western Europe. Next the government sought to train the ... the while been training and stockpiling in preparation for other orders. Finally the Poles would incorporate the Underground Army's actions in a broader scope of Allied movements and strategy across Europe (SA197). Poland successfully created their own radio communication network at an ea...

• Word Count: 1728
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and militarily, China is an important player in world politics. The following are just a few reasons why China is so important. China is one of the only nine countries that possesses nuclear weapons. They maintain embassies in 162 countries and they are the most populous country in the world. China's ... dare not attack it" (Nye and Welch 82). This theory is closely related to the long cycle theory (Modelski 40), which is a cycle consisting of four different phases: global war, world power, delegitimation, and deconcentration. Global war, the first phase, starts with the power among two ...

• Word Count: 1453
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Cheka, a secret force which brutally crushed out any opposition which had a different ideology. The new Bolshevik Government had also signed a ceasefire treaty with Germany and negotiated a peace-treaty, The treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Russia's allies, the French and British, felt betrayal from Russia as they backed out from the war. Russia's measures seemed selfish to their allies but they had their ... Soviets. Stalin promptly denied any accusations for this barbaric act . As the Germans publicised what they had discovered Russia had immensely affected their status, as a result Western Eur...

• Word Count: 1530
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... and British officials started the Berlin airlift to break the blockade. For 347 days, they made 277,000 flights and landed every few minutes to Western Berlin to give tons of supplies as following: food, clothes, medicines, fuel, and Christmas presents (Doc D). Finally in 1949, NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was formed. It was an international military alliance between American ... it was the first time the U.S.A entered a military alliance. Their goal was to defend against any Soviet's threat or force. Although, America was aiding any countries where there was a threat o...

• Word Count: 1564
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... religions were attacked and pinned as superstitions most religions were actually banned. Since 1990 efforts have been made to regain some of cultural heritage lost while under soviet rule. Former president ordered that Islamic teachings be taught in public school and that is only ... central government and in this this case that power is a presidential because it is a presidential republic. On a national level Turkmenistan elects a head of state, the president, and a legislature every five years. The legislature has 125 seats although elections in Turkmenistan have been extremely critici...

• Word Count: 1290
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... the immense growth in the nation from the years 1831-1881, whereby the country's population increased from 56 million to 98 million, the economy was crippled by the limited amount of exports of crops such as wheat that the farmers could produce to feed so many people and still create funds for large-scale industrial development. As such, the lackluster amount ... to stimulate an economic situation benefitting the people, which led to a greater pressure on the serfs to cooperate and produce higher amounts of crops. Secondly, the oppression of social development can be attributed to a ple...

• Word Count: 1299
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... it must be initiated by the state in question not by its subdivision or by Russia. By this law it is the willingness of Ukraine to allow Crimea to join Russian Federation i.e. Crimea cannot join Russia by its will or Russia to annex Crimea. But in this ... also not according to international standards and norms so its transparency also carries a question mark. According to the official result from the Autonomous Republic of Crimea the turnout was 83.1% but according to Mejlis Deputy Chairman Akhtem Chiygoz actual turnover could not have succeeded 30-40%. (Voter turnout) ... Stalin in ...

• Word Count: 1471
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

... political ramifications can be seen to play a key role in influencing cohesion and division within Soviet society. As a whole the role of Stalin in terms of the policies he implemented throughout 1929-1941 can be noted as majorly impacting Soviet society creating cohesive and divisive ripples throughout the country. ... behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in 10 years. Either we do it, or we shall be crushed ". The achievements of the plans were impressive. Production increases between 1927-37 saw a rise in electricity by 700%, coal by 250% and oil by 400%. The...

• Word Count: 1393
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... because they were already divided and so the enemy from the East need only conquer. Even before the siege and onslaught began, the people of Kiev had a chance to stop the Mongol invasion. When the Mongol army approached a clan on the eastern Kievan Rus border, the clan asked ... to remain a body in which no taxes must be collected. Basically, the Mongols exempted the Orthodox Church from any and all taxation. The lack of taxation allowed the church's wealth to build. When the church's wealth grew, so did their power and influence in both political and religious aspects ... more follower...

• Word Count: 1372
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to better provide for itself. Armenia grows fruits and vegetables in the Ararat plain in southwestern Armenia, while grain, potatoes and livestock are raised in the highlands. Armenia has deposits of copper, zinc, some gold, semiprecious metals, clay and stone which helps provide raw materials for its industry. The industries set up by the Soviet Union in Armenia included consumer goods ... foreign policy. Several political parties have struggled for power since the first free elections since the Soviet era in 1995. Communists have had little representation in parliament since the end o...

• Word Count: 1451
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... world history, which interpretation is right or wrong? Through a look at all three approaches, one can ascertain that only critical thought applied to the research of each one can answer that question. Initial interpretations of the foundation of the Cold War, known as Orthodoxy, became the norm for historians between the 1940's and the beginning the 1960's. During this period historians, such as ... policies towards dealing with the Soviet Union such as the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine, to which Keenan would also be involved with. The US Government used the scare of Soviet pla...

• Word Count: 1800
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... food scarce, and resentment called for the growing interest in communist voting and expansion, especially in France and Italy (Divine 670). The Marshall Plan was organized to reverse the possibility of all of Europe drifting to communism (Divine 670). The plan, which allowed he United States to stimulate European trade while checking Soviet expansion, was at a standstill until a war scare was touched ... Nationalists to lose countless battles against the Communists during their civil war (Ferrell 113). The Truman administration later concluded the possibility that Communist China pushed ...

• Word Count: 2478
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate