1. School Bureaucracy
... it is fundamentally a male invention that rewards masculine virtues and values such as competition, power, and hierarchy (Ferguson, 1984; Martin and Knopoff, 1999). And school executives criticize state bureaucracies for impeding local control of schools and preventing them from delivering educational programs that meet community needs. What most of these criticisms have in ... that hierarchy can be enabling rather than hindering. Only in organizations where superiors and subordinates work across recognized authority boundaries while retaining their distinctive roles do we expect hiera...
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