... Rashidun, or rightly guided caliphs. These caliphs were companions of Muhammad who attained leadership by virtue of their close relationships with the prophet. However, with Muhammad dead, many of the tribes who had been forcibly converted wanted out of the new empire. Consequently, Abu-Bakr spent much of his reign in the wars of Apostasy re pacifying tribes that had been conquered earlier. Upon Abu-Bakr ... 680, Husayn and seventy-two of his followers were slaughtered in the battle of Karbala. This martyrdom gradually took on an enormous significance for Hussein's former followers, who...

• Word Count: 1470
• Approx Pages: 6

... the Muslim world. Persian Muslim traveler and Ismaili spy Nasier Khusraw's (Doc #3) report on Cairo depicts a vivid prosperous image of the Muslim city of Cairo as an active trading city, with all the services like caravansaries for caravan traders and the two thousand ships belonged to the Sultan, shows that Muslim cities at that time period were on the trade routes and were important in ... city and couldn't get a more accurate and more detailed view of the residence's lives, and even the wealthy merchants were mostly from foreign lands. Therefore, it'd be nice to have a document ...

• Word Count: 1294
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... emption: Destroying the threat before it reaches our border.) The basis for this departure came under the guise of Operation Iraqi Freedom, weapons of mass destruction, and alleged al-Qaeda connections. All of which were repeated on an hourly basis prior to the invasion. Since May 1, with a slight of hand trick, the administration has shifted the attention away from the former reasons onto several others, hoping the ... Company received polling information that this aforementioned majority was absent at the poles. So, how do we get them to show up next time? Why let's pretend to be about ...

• Word Count: 1986
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... , other countries within that region, or even our own homeland poses enough threat to allow the U.S. to use force if Iraq doesn't follow the sanctions put upon them by the United Nations. The fourth principle is that in the war the military can't target civilians. The U.S. goes out of its way to keep civilians from harm's way during a war. They cancel many operations because they ... slightly give a hint of a possibility of civilian casualties. If they follow these measures in Iraq then the war would be ... United States must step in and take action. Many countries throughout the world ...

• Word Count: 2031
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... is surprised by this boldness. They doubted you, and are now caught off guard. You fire upon the exposed enemy. You see one of your shots find it's mark, and he goes down. There is one more. Maintaining fire to keep him pinned down, you sweep past his bunker, and place three shots in his chest as you pass. You are victorious. Now ... teamwork. Teamwork is necessary in almost every single game of paintball played. Communication, trust of one's teammates, and general working together are all essentials. Paintball is an anti-drug. Most of the people playing paintball, at least those known ...

• Word Count: 2486
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... is surprised by this boldness. They doubted you, and are now caught off guard. You fire upon the exposed enemy. You see one of your shots find it's mark, and he goes down. There is one more. Maintaining fire to keep him pinned down, you sweep past his bunker, and place three shots in his chest as you pass. You are victorious. Now ... teamwork. Teamwork is necessary in almost every single game of paintball played. Communication, trust of one's teammates, and general working together are all essentials. Paintball is an anti-drug. Most of the people playing paintball, at least those known ...

• Word Count: 2486
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... is surprised by this boldness. They doubted you, and are now caught off guard. You fire upon the exposed enemy. You see one of your shots find it's mark, and he goes down. There is one more. Maintaining fire to keep him pinned down, you sweep past his bunker, and place three shots in his chest as you pass. You are victorious. Now ... teamwork. Teamwork is necessary in almost every single game of paintball played. Communication, trust of one's teammates, and general working together are all essentials. Paintball is an anti-drug. Most of the people playing paintball, at least those known ...

• Word Count: 2490
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... that in the year 2050 the world population will enlarge to nine or ten billion. This prediction implies that over the course of an individual's life span the earth's population will increase five times. Population growth is a problem that impacts the environment and a general quality of life. Soon, at least one quarter of the world population will live where water is scarce. Wood ... field space" (http://www.srzg.de/nenglish/1wwa/1short/4actions.htm ). With statistics like this future generations will need to find alternative means of conserving water or possible living environment. Anot...

• Word Count: 1632
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... . The main problem was that Iraq may have had weapons of mass destruction and chemical warfare. NATO was unable to find these weapons and Iraq said they didn't have any. With the possibility of these weapons in the hands of someone such as Saddam Hussein, it made a very good emotional appeal. We have an image of Saddam Hussein; to me, he is the typical "enemy". I see him as someone ... people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory." This is an emotional appeal because no one can guarantee absolute victory. Americans went to Vietnam with the intention of winning the...

• Word Count: 1301
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... , U.S. and U.K. troops officially started the invasion of Iraq territory with both air and ground attacks. With both innocent troops and Iraqi civilians being slaughtered on the battlefield, the coalition forces find yet one more reason for the necessity of this war: to free the Iraqi people from the evil regime of Saddam Hussein. Bush and Blair want to see this "uncivilized" nation of people be brought under a democratic government ... attack on Iraq and it's evil regime. With an equally powerful argument, opponents of the war declare that there was no reason for such an act of aggressi...

• Word Count: 1843
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... , the US had proposed a financial management plan for adoption by the UN Security Council. While it called for an immediate lifting of UN sanctions against Iraq, it sought control of Iraqi economy by the victors of the war for 12 months, to begin with. All oil revenues would go into a proposed Iraqi Assistance Fund until such time that a new Iraqi government was installed. The ... these cannot be disputed by Rumsfeld or any other hawk. As the US still remains apprehensive about an Iranian style government in Iraq and has, in parallel, launched an "offensive" on Tehran-Damascus-Hezbollah ...

• Word Count: 1278
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the United States first began in 1835, but today they are virtually non-existent due to the Syrian uprising. The United States along with other foreign powers also discussed further in this essay have implemented means to counteract the actions of the Assad Regime in efforts to put an end to civilian deaths and political turmoil. President Barack Obama decided that the U.S should take military ... by allowing girls to attend school, the expansion of their ideology is similarly of the utmost importance.17 The main purpose for creating the educational outreach was to gain support from the n...

• Word Count: 1972
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... as an independent and sovereign nation over Iraqi objections. At that time Iraq massed soldiers along the border but backed off after British troops landed to defend Kuwait. Iraq formally withdrew its claim to Kuwait in 1963. However, in 1965, Iraq demanded the two Persian Gulf islands of Wabah and Bubiyan, along with other Kuwaiti territory close to the Iraqi border, in order to create space to construct ... the country and Iran threatened to take military action (Schwartz 127). The expansion of Iraqi borders to Kuwait was an effort for a secure port on the Persian Gulf and was one cau...

• Word Count: 1762
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the novel, and my knowledge I had obtained from taking the class History of Modern Middle East, and further research, I have concluded that the unknown country is Saudi Arabia. My project will explore the lives of these four women (Suha, Tamr, Nur, and Suzanne) and explain how their lives are similar to women living in present-day Saudi Arabia . The first character in the book ... , and lovers she still feels empty inside. The last character is Suzanne. She is an American, and is very rude to say the least. None the other characters weren't perfect by any stretch of imagination, but I co...

• Word Count: 1643
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... and what it is that keeps this idea of automous recognition from happening. In each of the new post war countries, the Kurds found they were treated with suspicion and pressured to conform to the ways of the majority. Their old independence and traditional pastoralist way of life was significantly interrupted. They were expected to learn the language of the new state in which they found themselves ... , Turkish, Persian, or Arabic, and to abandon their Kurdish identify and accept Turkish, Iranian, or Arab ... 1975 Barzani was strong enough to maintain an intermittent state of war and pea...

• Word Count: 2006
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... World Trade Center in 1993 when terrorists attempted to topple the twin towers. In each instance the US response to the massive bloodshed from these suicide bombings was to back away after a fruitless attempt to find and punish these faceless enemies. George W. Bush's response was appropriate in the wake of 9/11. He decided to take out the governments that were sponsoring ... terrorism and terrorist organizations. The Taliban, known sponsors of Al-Quada, were rooted out of Afghanistan. Saddam Hussein, a long known supporter of terrorists also became a target. The American message was: if...

• Word Count: 2060
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... AK 47 the bullets went right through the car and they were basically firing on each other. Abdul was not hurt and got away safely, but two of six assassins died and Saddam fled to Egypt with a bullet wound in his leg. He spends the next four years in Egypt and completes high school. February 1963-November 1963 First Ba'th regime in ... while Saddam controls in the president's shadow. February/March 1977 Eight Shi'a dignitaries, 5 clergy and 3 laymen are executed. Mass purges of Shi'a suspected of belonging to the Da'wa Party. 1978-79 The regime eliminates an estimated 7,000 Iraqi Commun...

• Word Count: 1571
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... in order not to swallow any of these things. A cuneiform tablet dated to around 2100 BCE found in the city of Nippur contained a pharmacopoeia; a list of medical recipes,based on beer. This comes to show that beer was very universal other than just consumption for self indulgence. It was also used for medical reasoning such as half an onion mixed with frothy beer was said to cure constipation. Timeline ... stimulating effects. The imam who created a new way to make this beverage, was drying them, boiling them in hot water to make a drink, and kept it to himself to keep himself awake dur...

• Word Count: 2292
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... Indiana Wesleyan University, he discusses Thomas Aquinas in his 13th century, "just war theory." This theory aligns itself with what God would expect of a responsible leadership or government. He writes that war must be defensive and only in response to an act of aggression. A war must intend to secure a fair peace for all parties - not for revenge, economic exploitation, or ethnic cleansing. It must be a last ... ,531 wars since 360 B.C. we can assume war will always be a part of our world and it is an issue that is not going to go away any time soon. So if we are to live in a world tha...

• Word Count: 1449
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... treaty that abolishes landmines in Ottawa in July 1997. A year later, Washington reacted negative towards an International tribunal. It looked like history was repeating itself because America was also the one to refuse to join in with the Kyoto treaty. There is no real reason to explain the behavior of the United States. Why does the only superpower in this world behave this way? Before, definitely ... the world will act like a society with international organizations playing an important role. The solution to this problem is actually quite simple. A realist tenet is to give up if you ...

• Word Count: 1957
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... deliberation among the public, throughout all regions of the world. The conflict involved an army of allied forces, including US, British, Australian, and Polish military personnel, infiltrating Iraq with the primary aim of regime reform. During the prior months to the war, tension had mounted between the US and Iraq, relating to the development of 'weapons of mass destruction'. Following the events of September 11, 2001, the US government has ... appeared to have adopted a more proactive approach to protecting national interests relating to terrorist ... ...

• Word Count: 1810
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in the world. The rapidly growing threat of ISIS to the entire world community has risen to take control of Iraq and many other nations within the area. Through all of the events that have occurred in the area, the theory of Constructivism best describes how the current state of ISIS within the region came about due to the conflict caused by social interactions between actors ... within the region. However, Constructivism is also displayed through examples of ISIS leaders and small party having social interactions that create a level of cooperation so that both parties can succeed and .....

• Word Count: 2469
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography

... beliefs that Saddam is only hiding his weaponry. Now there is some hot discussion among politicians if to support a war, probably even without a UN mandate; e.g. the German government is clearly opposing those plans. Thus Bush, an advocate of a "pre-emptive" strike has a lot of work to build a coalition and to convince its own people. In his speech Bush talks about liberating Iraqi people from Saddam Hussein ... him that they might neither fit in this context nor cover the whole spectrum of points to be considered. Thus, Bush simplifies the matter to a very narrow line of argumentation;...

• Word Count: 2189
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography

... , both Arab and non-Arab. This created conflict because Arab Muslims, by and large, considered themselves superior to non-Arabs. When Uthman was murdered in 656, the question of leadership again arose. The problem was that nothing in Mohammed's recitations dictated how leadership of the ummah should be determined. Ali, Mohammed's cousin and son-in-law was chosen as caliph. He ... . Within Shi"a Islam, there is yet another significantly smaller faction that believes that the string of Imams has continued to the present day. These seveners hold Aga Khan as the current Imam. With the absenc...

• Word Count: 2157
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... outstanding icons in the Wall Street, market, it is easy to find, in between the lines, a world of morality and ethics to be reviewed. The author reports about the contents of a biography, remarking on some of the chapters regarding to the strength and persistence of who the biography is about, calling him head of "mercenaries" and "window of a shareholder revolt". In addition, the author points out about ... prices" (Baker, 2003). In contrast the article asks: "So how did it get to the point where, instead of epitomizing American values and success, Wal-Mart came to be accused to consi...

• Word Count: 1444
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate