... such as, Standardized Minds by Peter Sacks or Alfie Kohn's The Case Against Standardized Testing: Raising the Scores, Ruining the Schools. Some of the adverse affects of testing can include: lowered expectations of student performance; negative attitudes toward low performing students; lowered self-esteem and expectations by students; inappropriate placement in special education and speech/therapy ... norm-referenced tests (even properly translated) will only provide limited information about what these students know" (Basterra, 1999). Examples of cultural and language biased questions ...

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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... that increase testosterone and epitestosterone levels, thereby improving muscle strength and endurance. • Blood Doping Is the injection of red blood cells, related blood products that contain red blood cells, or artificial oxygen containers into the blood stream. This results in unnatural levels of red blood cells improves oxygen transport and athletic endurance. • Peptide Hormones Similar to anabolic steroids these concentrations ... far more than just legal consequences, the use and abuse of these drugs can have severe impacts on the health of the person that is using them. In far t...

• Word Count: 2559
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... later in history when Senator Joseph R. McCarthy accused high government officials and high standing military officers of being communist. Undoubtedly the most important topic of an investigation into a historical occurrence is its inception. What caused the Red Scare? At the heart of the Red Scare was the conscription law of May 18, 1917, which was put in place during World War I for the armed Forces to ... was only to attract attention to their cause, their rhetoric was taken seriously by the government and its officials. From the very beginning of the Red Scare, the Wobblies were the...

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... bull; Deception - falsifying information to misguide troops or hinder command and control operations. In an interview with Mr. Latham, former Assistant Secretary of Defense for C3I, he noted an important use of deception technique would be, " leading the forces to a death trap based on false information." (D. C. Latham, personal communication, 4/05/01) • Computer Network Exploitation (CNE) - planning and ... information infrastructure controlling logistically missions. Example: changing the location where ammunition or medical supplies are needed. • Changing the inventory information....

• Word Count: 4835
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... War looked to several factors explaining the geographic divide, including sectionalism, protectionism, and state's rights. Sectionalism Sectionalism refers to the different economies, social structure, customs and political values of the North and South. Pamphleteers North and South rarely mentioned the tariff, and when some did, for instance, Matthew Fontaine Maury and John Lothrop Motley, they were writing for ... Mississippi, the Union Navy used timberclads, tinclads, and armored gunboats. Shipyards at Cairo, Illinois, and St. Louis built new boats or modified steamboats for action. T...

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... War Two. The first reason this firearm was developed was to defeat the seemingly endless Red Army who came from the Eastern Front, the Soviet Union. In the later stages of the war when Germany tried to invade Russia there was a massive shock to the Germans. The Red Army that the Soviets had fielded seemed to have endless numbers, and the Germans began ... be felt today. This rifle led to two main weapons that share many traits today, the first of these being the AK47. Near the end of the Second World War when the Soviets in the Red Army were effectively driving the Nazi war machine out ...

• Word Count: 3035
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• Grade Level: High School

... used. IV SCATTERED ATROCITIES WITH EXTREME CRUELTY Numerous atrocities occurred within and around the city, and the victims were largely civilians. Japanese soldiers invented and exercised inhumane and barbaric methods of killing. The brutalities included shooting, stabbing, cutting open the abdomen, excavating the heart, decapitation (beheading), drowning, burning, punching the body and the eyes with an awl, and ... bombings were focused on the wealthier and more populated areas of the city. On September 25, 1937, the most devastating bombing occurred. There were over six hundred civi...

• Word Count: 7379
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• Grade Level: High School

... pick up a paper and find out somebody's face was slashed up simply because she was pretty or somebody was shot to death because of the color of their skin. Many of the senseless violent acts have been committed all over the country. Acts of violence are committed everyday by High school and even Elementary school kids. Psychologists and Scientist have been trying to figure out ... . "The killing happened around 9:40 a.m. when Mr. Patrick Daily, Principal of Public School PS51 was making his way through cold and rain to an apartment building complex in the Red Hook section of Brooklyn. Th...

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... painting retained themes distinctive to Southeast Asia. 3. To the Chinese, the absorption of the Red River Delta represented the expansion of a superior civilization over people of a primitive culture, a concept of "manifest destiny- not unlike the westward expansion of the United States in the nineteenth century. And there was no doubt that one thousand years of Chinese rule left a lasting imprint on the Vietnamese culture. But Chinese occupation ... . A year later, the French added to their new possession, which they called Cochnichina, by establishing a protectorate over Cambodia. Twe...

• Word Count: 3422
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• Grade Level: High School

... it cannot serve directly for commercial or governmental reasons. The alliance is a collaborative marketing arrangement between carriers, which can include joint frequent flyer participation; code sharing of flight operations; coordination of reservations, baggage handling and flight schedules; and other resource sharing activities. United is directly connected to the Star Alliance, whose mission is to deliver a smooth travel ... flight in less than 10 minutes, relieving front line employees of that work and allowing them to advise customers of the alternate arrangements before customers ...

• Word Count: 8741
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is an example of a terrorist whose plight was sparked by a sense of injustice. An example of a clinically insane terrorist would be someone like The Unibomber. However, those that belong to terrorist groups are usually well-educated and professional with their operations and very rarely get caught. Some are more violent than others though. For example, the Japanese Red Army embarks on ... such missions as airplane hijacking whereas the Palestinian Terrorist Organization, led by Yasir Arafat, prefers peace talks to violence. The missions always have a sense of purpose around them, though...

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... and Definitions Terrorism and terrorists have been around as long as man has existed. The Trojan Horse, the death of Julius Caesar, the Boston Tea Party, Sherman's March to the Sea, the Holocaust, and the events of 11 September 2001 are all examples of acts of terrorism. Rubik Egoryan, President, Strategic Research Center in Armenia, stated in a paper written shortly after the events ... Flows: In many countries (especially in the developed world) savers increasingly diversify their portfolios to include foreign financial assets (foreign bonds, equities, loans), while borrowers increasin...

• Word Count: 5631
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... monumental. The International Olympic Committee, was formed in 1894, and had a tremendous impact on Europe. "Acting as a catalyst for collaboration between all parties of the Olympic family, from the National Olympic Committees (NOCs), the International Sports Federations (IFs), the athletes, the Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOGs), ... my mind is the Olympics. It does not matter what the event or sport that might be on the television, if a team is wearing the red, white, and blue I am sure that it catches your eye. Why is that? Well to me it is simple, it is the pride ....

• Word Count: 4256
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... China rightfully just in claiming territory with the ten-dotted line? Is there any lasting benefit to having these islands? Is this just a show of force or planned takeover? Eric Wertheim, an article writer for the magazine Proceedings, explains China's growing interest in the Pacific: The organization [China ... organization] intends to increase its strength from 9000 to 15000 personnel by 2020, at which time it hopes to have 520 vessels, most of which would displace less than 1000 tons. Other paranasal organizations, including the Fisheries Law Enforcement Command and the Maritime Safe...

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... stop it. Selfishly, the United States knew it was in their best interest to stop Germany from controlling the entire landmass of Europe. Each of these two camps had a leader in United States politics that articulated the reasons that the United States should be concerned with ... . During his presidency and in the years that followed, as Conrad Black notes, Roosevelt "abruptly raised the curtain on a new age of America's consciousness of itself and its presence in the world" " (Black 285). Roosevelt was unabashed regarding his support for military intervention in World War I ... should...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , complete with political organizations and complex religious concepts." (Yenne 1984) These American Indians adapted to the changes that occurred in the climate as well as with the evolution of animal life. The tribes of North America can be divided into nine distinct regions: the Arctic, Subarctic, Northwest Coast, California, Great Basin, Southwest, Plains and Prairies, Northeast and Southeast. Although these ... , complete with political organizations and complex religious concepts." (Yenne 1984) These American Indians adapted to the changes that occurred in the climate as well as wit...

• Word Count: 3899
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• Grade Level: High School

... no longer support Greece against communist forces, President Truman stepped in with what was called the "Truman Doctrine." The Truman Doctrine was the beginning of American policy for the Cold War. This policy was called "containment": The USA would support any country threatened by communism, so that communism ... couldn't spread any further- it would be "contained". Truman said, "I believe it must be the policy of the U.S to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." This was a very threatening speech directly aimed ... har...

• Word Count: 3123
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... the United States. He was so small his mask fell off while he was being electrocuted by the state of South Carolina (The National coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty). Two out of three children sent to death row are people of color. Historically, two out of three people executed for crimes they committed as children have been African-American. During this century, the ratio ... for certiorari from Toronto Patterson, a juvenile offender about to be executed. However, Justice Stevens dissented (joined by Justices Ginsburg and Breyer), stating that the Court should revisit the issue of ...

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... have been enacted federally, though limitations to its" applications have been. The Coker v. Georgia case and Eberheart v. Georgia decisions effectively limited the death penalty applicable to only offenders convicted of capital, or aggravated, murder. There are other such conditions that have been imposed due to other Supreme Court cases. In 1986, it barred states from executing inmates who develop mental ... the jury can make a suggestion as to the possible sentence for the crime but they do not decide it. The judge chooses the sentence (life imprisonment or death). The decision also...

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... The Smallpox Blanket not only caused Indian people suffering, but also provided a negative influence to this species. First of all, because they were a painful death. The government can let Indian people to do as governor's willing which was forcing them move westward and making a conquest ... quot; (Johnston, etal, 74). Later on, as the the infectious diseases had led to death because of the resistance, Indian people's expectancy increased. They started to enjoy their life because they saw the hope of being alive from those disease. On the other hand, they paid more attention to the inf...

• Word Count: 2968
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... first reforms came in 1776 when Thomas Jefferson and some fellow colleagues, with authority from the Government, proposed a revision of current Virginia law. Their revision changed such things dealing with what constituted the punishment of death at its core. They suggested that the death penalty only be recommended for those who had committed treason and/or murder. After a very angry and hasty debate, the ... all abolished public hangings. By 1849, fifteen states had joined the movement and abolished public hangings. 1846 proved to be a great year for the movement of the death penalty ...

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• Grade Level: High School

... a racially discriminatory way and a balance must be reached. 4. Fuentes, A. (1998). The Crackdown on Kids. The Nation Magazine, 22, 20-22. B. Fuentes presents examples and factual data of those in favor of stricter capital punishment and the death penalty for even younger adolescents. Numerous recent incidents have been caught in a media frenzy which resulted in a "zero tolerance" approach with stricter capital punishment enforced and ... the decision might have been different in Roach's case but the it was not feasible to alter the sentence now. Glasser discusses the fact that it is ess...

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... this paper shall refer to all criminals in the masculine sense. However, this should not be interpreted as being exclusive of the female gender, but instead only a means of taking a linguistic burden out of the text.] Capital punishment, of course, refers to the punishment of death on the criminal. However, as the justice Harry Blackmun declared in 1994: "When we execute a capital defendant in this ... U.S. Supreme Court determined that the Constitution did not make a distinction between the mentally ill and the normal criminals. This served to uphold the Eight Amendment, where the death...

• Word Count: 5114
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... /bias, whether intended or unintended, can have devasating effects on the judicial process."Overt racism appears to have contributed to wrongful convictions in the cases of many of the 77 men and women released from death row on grounds of innocence." ( Amnesty International, p. 10) Prosecutors decided not only who should be charged with a particular offense, but they also have a significant impact ... to uphold a capital sentencing system in which race more like than not plays a role." More recently, Justice Harry Blackmun's announced that he no longer supported our country's use of th...

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... do the killing, but does that justify the government providing the citizens with the instruments of death. In theory, if all people were to act totally responsibly this dilemma wouldn't exist. The fact of the matter is that a lot of killings occur when a person's judgment is clouded by means of drugs or emotions. In these conditions not many people act responsibly, which is a condition for ... , greed, anger and other emotions for the maintaining equality in society. The government is not protecting the rights of the individual when they are allowing people to own firearms in knowing the...

• Word Count: 2579
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School