... soundboard like a modern piano. But instead of mechanical hammers, dulcimer players used two light sticks ending with broader blades. Around 1400, the first Clavichord was built; however, it was the most popular about 3 centuries later during the music of Bach. On the clavichord, " when a key was pressed, a vertical brass strip (tangent) lifted toward a pair of strings" (Hamilton). The clavichord had a quiet ... "It's large range, which practically encompasses that of a symphony orchestra, its ability to whisper the pianissimos and thunder the fortissimos, and its magnificent literatur...

• Word Count: 3032
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... types of propaganda. Source A is Black propaganda, saying that the Jews and the Social Democrats would both bring communism, this is what the Germans feared the most. The short, fat looking man, a stereotypical Jew, is holding a huge bag of money, is well dressed, and is obviously well fed because of his ... size this is to give the impression that Jews are money grabbing and selfish. Most of the Germans disliked the Jews anyway but this poster would hopefully, for the Nazi party warn even more people off, as according to the Nazis ... lots of babies, the more babies a woman had the bett...

• Word Count: 4637
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

... immaculate condition of the cars, he told me that because of the Autobond (a highway that runs through Germany that doesn't have a speed limit). Since most vehicles will be driven on the Autobond they have much stricter rules on the condition of your vehicles. While here seeing a vehicle with a dented fender ... the whole time we were there. Another thing that I noticed was their cobble streets and their stone and marble walk ways. Marble seems to be very popular in Germany. It is used for walk ways, indoor and outdoor stairs, floors, baseboards, door jams, trim around windows and even ...

• Word Count: 3230
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... the back by civilians". It was an irrational excuse, given the military's domination, but it became a popular myth. The defeat in World War 1 was therefore a traumatic shock to most Germans, especially to the German soldiers, and almost no one in western Europe understood it then. This resulted ... , a severe economical burden of compensations, and severe limitations on the German military's size and equipment, which were supposed to reduce its threat. Most Germans perceived it as a great national humiliation. Hitler, finally recovered from his injury, and still officially a soldier, joi...

• Word Count: 2709
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... abort all legislation coming from a potentially more democratically inclined Reichstag. The representatives to the Bundesrat were appointed by their governments, and none of these governments was democratically constituted. In most states, parliaments continued to be elected by a restricted franchise that privileged property owners and excluded large segments of the population. The Prussian lower diet, for example, was elected by ... kings or owed their seat to the privileges of old aristocratic families. These upper chambers, usually loyal to the rulers, were able to check the influence ...

• Word Count: 10254
• Approx Pages: 41
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... helm. Hitler soon took control of the country with the help of the National Socialist Party, and life in Germany would never be the same. A most devastating era during his reign, known as the Holocaust, was a time of control, terror, and death. There were many ways in which Hitler and ... Nazi member. Krauss tried to move to Vienna a couple of times, but was always stopped by Hitler who insisted that Krauss remain in Munich. Another popular musician was the conductor, Herbert von Karajan. Karajan joined the Nazi party in order to obtain better conducting positions. Hans Pfitzner was a mus...

• Word Count: 4059
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... dismay of the communists. Soviet composers of the 1920's were confronted by many new problems. Firstly, the audiences at the time were the most diverse they had ever been, with both sophisticated intelligent listeners and the uneducated, although there was still a void where the middle class should be ... by seemingly complying by the rules and even in some cases, actually praising Stalin. Born in 1906, Shostakovich was one of the two most important composers of the Soviet period, the other being Prokofiev, and certainly the leading composer during the Stalin period. His works all seemed...

• Word Count: 2701
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... things. It was as if militarism was woven into the fabric of German society. To help dispose of this militarism, Germany needed whole new education system. The British had the most instructive way of changing the German education system. Sir Robert Birley headed this program. He wanted to get rid of all Nazi teachers and textbooks that had anything to do ... Socialist Republics. Germany was shaped by the Cold War until recently. It was not even until the end of the Cold War did the Question of reunification of Germany become popular. I believe the only reason that the United States hung...

• Word Count: 4105
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Who was the most important and influential person in the unification of Germany in the 19th century? Just about anyone who has studied this period of history would right off tell you that Otto ... humiliate France even further, crowned William at Versailles on January 18, 1871. William appointed Bismarck as the chancellor of the German Empire. Bismarck then set out to make Germany the most powerful empire in all of Europe. First Bismarck "worked on the Empire's federal infrastructure." (5) To help develop Germany as a major economic power, Bismarck made uniform legal codes, nationalized rail...

• Word Count: 4829
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Poland back its land and access to the Baltic Coast) which then separated East Prussia from the body of Germany. This was one of the terms that infuriated Germany the most, because they despised the Poles and believed they were an inferior race. Due to the Treaty, the German army was only allowed to have one standing army of no more ... people wanted and they were willing to make sacrifices which the leader demanded: The loss of personal freedom and hard work. "Gemeinnutz vor Eigenmutz!" ( The Common Interest before Self!) was a popular Nazi slogan. Courts were used to enforce the Nazi ...

• Word Count: 2583
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... and vicious leader of a country during a world war, military historians and world leaders would state that it was Adolf Hitler. He was the dictator of Germany and was the most powerful and ruthless leader of his time, 1933 to 1945, during World War II. However, few people know of Hitler's youth and what sparked his fascination to do what was ... Adolf sometimes played priest and even included long sermons with his play. He also played cowboys and Indians with other children, because the Tales of the American West were very popular among Austrian and German boys. His favorite author was...

• Word Count: 2618
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... not a local war was the complex alliance system that was drawn all over Europe. Historians view on what caused the war has been ever changing. Directly after the war the popular belief was that Germany had forced the war on the allies, warranting the tough conditions of the treaty of Versailles. During the 1930s a more sympathetic outlook was taken by historians ... War. Another major cause of the First World War was the rivalry over colonies and the search for economic dominance. [Professor Gerhard Rempel, Industrial revolution lecture]. Throughout the ninetieth century most of the cou...

• Word Count: 2969
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Spartacist rising was easily crushed by the Freikorps. By January 15th the Spartacists were defeated completely, with one hundred (100) Spartacists having been killed, compared to only thirteen (13 ) Freikorps. Most importantly, Rosa Luxemburg and fellow Spartacist Communist leader Karl Liebknecht were murdered, stripping the communists of their leaders. Not only did the failed and fruitless rising influence people further from ... was very successful for the Nazi's for several reasons. Firstly, the Munich Beer-Hall Putsch launched Hitler and the Nazi's on to the National political scene,...

• Word Count: 2982
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the largest religions in the German speaking world. In Austria for example, 98% of the population professes to be Roman Catholic. Catholicism is a more ritualistic, traditional form of Christianity than most other denominations. The German people's first loyalty was usually to their families and then, perhaps, to their parish church. Local communities such as villages or neighborhoods or even entire towns ... fertile for a backlash. The poor moral example started at the very top. For example, Pope Alexander VI (1431-1503) was known for throwing orgies in the Vatican. Alexander VI is most...

• Word Count: 2755
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ensured no major conflict for forty years at the least. This agreement included France, as represented by Talleyrand at the Congress. One of the most important policies adopted was in which Europe restored the status quo ante bellum (the sitation as it was before the war), as a method ... and within countries. These include Lord Liverpool's government not being allowed to reform in Britain, 1848 Liberal Nationalist Revolutions all throughout Europe, and most importantly, Sarejevo in 1914. By the very early 1900's, the emergence of new nations such as Germany and Italy, and the decline o...

• Word Count: 3275
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the German population showed during the Nazification, in which almost all rights German citizens had enjoyed where taken away. One of the Nazi regime's most powerful tools at destroying it's domestic opposition was by taking away civil rights and freedoms, through laws passed through the Reichstag, and the ... the Reich. It was completely fulfilled by the time Hitler's first year as Chancellor came to pass on January 30, 1934, when all Popular assemblies' in the state were eliminated, and any sovereign authority which the states had enjoyed, were now given up to the Reich. Furthermore, ...

• Word Count: 3341
• Approx Pages: 13

... wanted. In the 1920's business was an obsession. Economic expansion created booming business profits, which in turn raised the standard of living for most Americans. Large businesses were expanding. Americans were moving into a period of economic prosperity. When the American people saw that the economy was flourishing ... of their income the wealthy were satisfied. There were several causes to this awkward distribution of income and wealth between U.S. and its European counterparts. Most obvious is that fact that World War I had devastated European business. Factories, homes, and farms h...

• Word Count: 2710
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... every kind of political amalgamation and character, had suffered a terrifying national bankruptcy, paralysing inflation and a Communist Putsch. It was on these premises of fear and memories Hitler had based his popular appeal for himself and the Nazi Party. "He had something for everyone in his bag of promises, and above all he offered an attractive -almost romantic- prospect for the youth ... his reign as chancellor in 1933 these organisations had over 100,000 members, which eventually grew into eight million. Hitler Youth program was a deadly serious business. One of the most intellige...

• Word Count: 2992
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... actions of rescuers and perpetrators in further detail. In terms of how Italian Jews fared in foreign concentration camps, we turn to Primo Levi s popular Holocaust account, Survival in Auschwitz,23 in which he writes about his ten month stay. His tail is of particular interest; firstly, it is ... tangible characteristic of the Italian Jews and non-Jews alike was an amiable inclination to ignore the law. It seems never to have occurred to most Italian Jews to report for internment, as did many Dutch, Hungarian, Czech, and German Jews. They became clever at fooling authorities by means ...

• Word Count: 4666
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate