... exporting had set the standard to which all the European powers aimed to emulate" (Newman Christopher, article: the Great War. Why?) Britain was the undisputed industrial heavyweight of the world, writes American economist William R. Hawkins " a hundred years ago Great Britain was the world's only Superpower" (Hawkins William, Britain's Industrial Decline). However this was set to change. There was increased competition from other countries ... and Turkey. By 1914 only the USA was the only major power free from any European military treaty. The treaties had been aimed to create peace an...

• Word Count: 2969
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in the United States, included Nanking census data from before and after the massacre, and the records of burial societies and Japanese officers, to calculate their numbers. * In addition, the authors offer new evidence on the person held responsible for the massacre. After years of painstaking research, the authors argue that General Iwane Matsui, who led the invasion force and who had ... been called the "Butcher of Nanking," was inappropriately identified as the man behind the slaughter. The authors argue that Matsui was relieved ... visitors came to observe the competitions and rai...

• Word Count: 7379
• Approx Pages: 30
• Grade Level: High School

... . "The atomic bomb exploded with a brilliant flash over the northwest-centre of the city at exactly 8:16a.m." (Killingray 9). At the heart of the explosion, the temperature reached one hundred million degrees, melting metal and stone. Everything and everybody was destroyed within five hundred meters of the explosion. The light of the explosion had turned orange, and the atomic fireball began shooting upwards at ... initial blast, because thousands disappeared without a trace. The official estimates vary between seventy and eighty thousand. Thousands died days, months, and years afterward...

• Word Count: 3980
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... . So now, with his power and control in position, how would Mussolini continue on to change and shape Italy and the Fascist party? Mussolini was one of the only and one of the first dictators within Europe and most of the world in the 1920's and 30's. Mussolini was very concerned about obtaining and maintaining complete political power within Italy. In several moves that would ... eventually be caught and shot by Italian Resistance fighters at the end of World War Two. Tsarist Russia For just about three hundred years the political system in Russian sat unchanged with the family of Nicho...

• Word Count: 8195
• Approx Pages: 33

... friends, the Huron. Although the French claimed to have not committed genocide, there are two clear examples of them doing so. The first comes when, in 1712, they attacked and killed twelve-hundred of the sixteen-hundred Mesquaki Indians on the Vermilion River. The second clear act of genocide came far away in the south, in present day Mississippi, when the French set up missions ... in Chickasaw territory. The Natchez and Yazoo's got sick of how the French were treating them so they rebelled. The French ... no sovereignty, even though they had lived in that place for thousands of year...

• Word Count: 3728
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Information Warfare as a Weapon of Mass Destruction has in recent years commanded a lot of attention from governments, departments of defense, and private corporations around the world. Information Warfare (IW) provides the capability of arming rich and poor countries alike. The idea that almost every citizen in a country is capable of being a part of a mass destruction effort by using the available information infrastructure is bewildering. ... by the DoD. The picture however, is not all gloomy. The DoD has security protection in place and is continuously planning to keep ab...

• Word Count: 4835
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... relatively easy to see the links between events just before and after 1945 and the Cold War itself, so these points will be examined more closely. Carruthers says that, "indeed one might argue that the Cold War was emerging while the World War was still being fought."" Her argument for this is that the tensions between the alliance ... History at Oxford, believes, he "God-given rights of the individual- and the "universality- of this doctrine for two hundred years is illustrated by a century of literal human slavery and effective disenfranchisement of Blacks or another century, genocida...

• Word Count: 2699
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• Has Bibliography

... two fronts, strengthens the perception that Germany was fully prepared to risk a continental war. In the report of the Chargé d'Affaires at Berlin for Austria-Hungary to the Ministerial Council, sent on the eighteenth of July, the Chargé d'Affaires conveyed the summary of his conversations with Zimmermann, the Foreign Office reporter for the Balkans and the Triple Alliance, and with ... the counselor of the Austro-Hungarian Embassy. In the report, the Chargé d'Affaires cites three points, as ... if they tried to restrain Austria-Hungary, they might somehow offend and possibly lose t...

• Word Count: 5871
• Approx Pages: 23
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . The same chapter has a three sentence paragraph which is known throughout the military community. It reads, If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in ... it that are still being used today. Even with all the technological advances in this day and age, these ideas from 2500 years ago are being put to use in intelligence agencies around the world. Even some current definitions of i...

• Word Count: 2957
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... its troops during the World War II. Did sexual slavery exist, and should the female victims be compensated for the crimes committed against them? During World War II, approximately two hundred thousand women were forced into sexual slavery by Japan's armed forces. Euphemistically called "Comfort Women," these women were enslaved in "Comfort Stations set up throughout East Asia by the Japanese ... been sincere in resolving this issue. Japan does not seem to feel guilty for its war crimes and responsible to compensate to Asian states. Japan's ignorance over the issue is one of the main re...

• Word Count: 4553
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... only hold on." What he did not know was that Luftwaffe intelligence officers were on his side, too. The figures of RAF casualties that they produced for Goering toward the end of the month convinced the Reich Marshal that phase one of the Battle of Britain had already been won - that the channel had been closed and the RAF crippled in the air. The truth ... Berlin until the Germans reacted. After four more raids on Berlin, Hitler was sufficiently outraged to change the basic strategy of the Battle of Britain. On 7 September 1940, Goering, under Hitler's orders, sent hundreds of bombers ...

• Word Count: 2785
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... customers to buying more food while they sat there and starred at their delicious treats. The final design that set the stage for the future of diners was the Sterling Streamliner, which can be seen in figure 5. Piggybacking from the powerful streamline locomotive design, this approach allowed stainless steel to ... . This threw a huge twist into the design of the diner because the look now had to appeal family-friendly without losing their costumer population they still had. This new change in society led to several key architectural developments in the upcoming years. Although the 50s s...

• Word Count: 2601
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography

... , its resources and moral force, resulting from the American way of life, America is in a position to assert its leadership of the world. " It must be recognized that such an attitude was a real basis. Limited participation in direct hostilities (during the war years the number of American troops did not exceed one million, and the population at that time was approximately 110 million people), ... and also the most active and significant maintenance of industrial and financial basis of the fight against fascism contributed to the extraordinary growth of economic power of America. During ...

• Word Count: 4151
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the Guerriere and it left the entire side nearly crushed in. This battle was the first frigate action of the War of 1812, and it left the United States Navy with a victory in 40 minutes that only a handful of Britain's enemies could do in 100 years. The American Navy went on after their previous victory to defeat the British in the next three out ... of four encounters. The next major clash came between the USS United States and the HMS Macedonian near the Canary Islands on ... 103 crewman for the Lawrence were killed or wounded (Gruppe 146). This devastating defeat to the Royal Navy t...

• Word Count: 2522
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the 1930's, all that contributed to the unbearable situation.(4) GMD's unsuccessful attempts to save China In 1921, a few young radicals, including Mao Zedong, held the first congress of the CCP. Three years after their first congress, the Chinese Communists were advised to enter into a cooperative relationship with the GMD, by Michael Bordin - a Russian political advisor, who helped in the ... unify China he was not able to succeed, due to the control of warlords and also even more significantly, because of constant Japanese interference. Their troops occupied Manchuria in 1931, China's ...

• Word Count: 2531
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... not reintroduced due to the shortage of labour in the years after the war. " Richard Titmuss has suggested that the decline in the birth rate has been the single most important factor contributing to women's emancipation, then the Second World War must be regarded as one of the most retrogressive events in recent ... , as by 1950 the birth rate started top decline again. Marriage rates increased after the war, with a peak being reached in the years 1945- 1948. In 1931, 42% of women aged 25-29 were single, this figure was reduced to 22% by 1951. Therefore it is a rather unfounded view tha...

• Word Count: 2750
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Doctrine, although it was not formally used to justify American intervention, was viewed with suspicion and dislike by Latin American nations. One of the first uses of the Monroe Doctrine involved a dispute between Venezuela and Great Britain. Both countries claimed a certain portion of land where gold was found. Great Britain refused to negotiate while it built more settlements in the disputed area to support ... war made Americans realize the great need for a canal in Latin America. After many years of American involvement, the disputes over the canal were finally ended as constructio...

• Word Count: 2509
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• Has Bibliography

... regions, and the Indonesia military ( Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia - ABRI ) was not only to administer these regions, but to start-up and run development projects as well. Sukarno was one of the leaders of the Bandung Conference in the mid fifties that brought together newly-independent Third World nations for the first time, in order to reject the Cold War, started by Churchill ... , in order to develop heavy industry such as aeronautics. The oil revenues made it possible to have a local capital market. The Indonesian stock market became one of the so-called 'emerging markets'...

• Word Count: 3054
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... internal efficiencies while accounting for product differentiation in complex organizations At the same time, the new practice of establishing sales vs. budget forecasts led to the identification of variances. Of note, the cost of developing such information in the post World War I years was significant. DuPont presented its cost information on over 350 charts in a room dedicated for that purpose ... external environments (both threats and opportunities) and on internal developments that might require them to adjust their strategic goals. Thus, the setting of strategic goals and subsequ...

• Word Count: 3169
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ". As soon as the war ended, the relations between America and Russia cooled. American's regretted their isolation in the years between the wars. They now realised that they now had the power and resources to play a large part of world affairs. The lesson of the 1930's seemed to be that dictators must be faced and stopped, by force if necessary. Roosevelt had worked ... hard evidence that Stalin ever realistically thought about invading the west." (Leffer & Painter, Routledge, 1994, pg. 91) Despite the strength of the red army, Stalin knew that technologically he was still weaker than hi...

• Word Count: 3123
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... colonists. "They were not enemies, they were not criminals, they were nothing but earthly now, nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation - This quote shows Conrad's sympathy for those who are being exploited for the benefit of others. For sixteen years he worked as a sailor and in 1890 he sailed up the Congo River. Apparently he had a negative experience as he characterizes ... not have to fight for survival, for I did not want a Marxist exegesis. If disaster came, it was not to come through the exploitation of one class by another. It was to rise, simply and solely out of the...

• Word Count: 4223
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

... identity to this day. An underlying political and social factor in Rua's resistance during the First World War was the differing interpretations, and to some extent the neglect of the Treaty of Waitangi. In article one, Maori expected the treaty would initiate a new relationship, with Maori and Pakeha sharing authority, however in the English version, the Queen was guaranteed full sovereignty over New ... 's separatist beliefs and subsequent passive resistance during World War One. Te Kooti's founded the Ringatū religion in 1866. While he was a rather violent figure he reconnected with ...

• Word Count: 2754
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , they determined that they would create a republic once they got their independence from France. Moving on in time, nationalist movements started popping up all over Southeast Asia during the 1930s; one of these nations was Burma. The British government allowed some limited self-government in Burma by the 1930s. However, British rule was still prohibitive and the Burmese infuriated that they were ... he developed his goal for Vietnam's independence. In 1911, Ho traveled to Saigon and obtained a job as a cook aboard a French steam ship bound for the French city of Marseille. Ho spent the...

• Word Count: 4153
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... has been a communist state since 1949, when Mao Zedong declared, after a bloody civil war, that all of China was to be combined under one banner, and that banner was Communism. For many years, China remained where it was, focusing more on its internal problems and economic reform within its own country; ... therefore, China was not worrying about what was going on in the rest of the world. However, in the ... they did not make claims to major landmasses in the region, but rather smaller islands that happened to fall within their realm of military control. This is one of the reasons th...

• Word Count: 3515
• Approx Pages: 14

... rise to domestic revolutionaries and nationalists in those colonized countries to seek a way out for their countries. As a result, a mass of independence swept across the continents of Asia and Africa. New leaders were springing up from all corners of the world one after another, fights and revolutions were going on in every continent. However, revolutions were not concerned by Third World themselves alone ... most prevailing modernization theory among those rose after World War –, is that development occurs as a result of participation in a system of free market capitalism in which goo...

• Word Count: 2819
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate