... of the time, the Indians helped the group by giving a description of the way ahead and providing food. During the month of October, they reached the villages of the Mandan and Hidatsa Indians in what is now know as North Dakota. The group made its winter camp Fort Mandan near the villages ... travel down the clear water, Snake and Colombia Rivers. While on the rivers they faced dangerous falls and rapids and met new Indian peoples. They reached the Pacific coast in November 1805. There they built Fort Clatsop, which is now known as Astoria, Oregon. They spent their winter at the ... int...

• Word Count: 1425
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... The re-annexation of Texas B. Threatening war with Great Britain over the Oregon Boundary VI. Major Opposition of the election A. Henry Clay (Whig) VII. Vice President A. George M. Dallas VIII. Political Party A. Democrat IX. Major Domestic Happenings: A. Texas entered the Union in 1845. Signed as a joint annexation under the Tyler administration made all of Texas U.S. property. Mexico did not recognize this annexation ... conflict over the extension of slavery. In the election of 1848, the Wilmot Proviso was ignored by both the Whig and Democratic parties, but adopted by the Free-Soil ...

• Word Count: 2101
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... , urban reformers were often frustrated because state legislatures, controlled by railroads and large corporations, obstructed the municipal struggle for home rule. The Reformers turned to state politics, where progressivism reached its fullest expression. In state after state, progressives advocated a wide range of political, economic, and social reforms. They urged adoption of the secret ballot, direct primaries, the ... swelled by middle class professionals, small businessmen, and farmers, formed the National Progressive Republican League to prevent Taft's re-nomination. When this fa...

• Word Count: 1563
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in the future. Factions divide a government based on different beliefs of key issue in policies, such as spending and warfare. Political factions are both beneficial to a society and detrimental. A political party is "A group organized for the purpose of achieving and exercising power within a political system," (Gwinn 960). They obtain their power by either election or revolution. Similarly, but not ... where the parties tended to be based on an ethnic, kin group system. The development of the parties differed per region in both basis and timeframe, but they all eventually reached a st...

• Word Count: 1525
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... vote on the top three candidates. If a candidate gets a majority vote, then he/she becomes president. If not they continue voting until a majority is reached and the speaker of the house become a temporary president until a majority is reached The state's seats in both the house and in the senate determine the number of electors. So with everything in mind if we take ... of thirty-three. That means that New York has a total of thirty-three electoral votes. Now each political party chooses bedrock members to become electors. Bedrock members of a particular party are just rank and file me...

• Word Count: 1704
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... could circumnavigate the continent; he would find a water route to India. When Henry died in 1460, his sailors had only reached as far as the Canary Islands in West Africa. Twenty-eight years later, Bartholomeu Dias proved that Africa could be circumnavigated when he ... reached the southern tip of the continent. This is now known as the "Cape of Good Hope." In 1499, Vasco da Gama ... quickly and quietly in most of Africa after World War II. The British granted Gold Coast independence in 1957. The indigenous government of the former colony reached into Africa's glorious past to rename t...

• Word Count: 2251
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... and France, to sign the Guilt Clause accepting full responsibility for the war and all the harm it did. This attacked German nationalism and morale reached an all time low for the Germans. Many Germans' believed they were treated unfairly during the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, and Britain ... that if the terms were not so harsh on Germany, the war could have been avoided.4 Adolf Hitler's National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) Party exploited the state of Germany to arouse hatred in the German people as the Nazis rose to power.5 Soon after the treaty was signed, Hitler ... joi...

• Word Count: 2418
• Approx Pages: 10

... of five million members, had chosen a central committee, and had enrolled all of the Majlis deputies, cabinet members, and other high-ranking officials as members. The creation of the party solidified the dictatorship of the Shah. He purged all those who were suspected of disloyalty from the ministries and the mass media and tightened government control over artists, filmmakers, writers ... create greater numbers of movements against the regime. During a particular commemoration, mourners in Tehran, Ahwaz, Isfahan and Shiraz attacked government offices, the Rastakhiz Party headquarters,...

• Word Count: 2306
• Approx Pages: 9

... in war. As a result of such unyielding legislation, 20,000 conscientious objectors were inducted into the armed forces. Out of these 20,000, 16,000 changed their minds when they reached military camps, 1300 went to non-combat units, 1200 gained furloughs to do farm work, and 100 of these, 450 went to prison. However, these numbers are small in comparison ... America, had split because of a dilemma over World War I. This split occurred when Europe entered the war. This break up hurt the Socialist party. Many who were not Socialists opposed the draft, but the party was the point of opposi...

• Word Count: 1765
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... their highest state of readiness. Soviet field commanders in Cuba were authorized to use tactical nuclear weapons if invaded by the U.S. Fortunately, the leaders reached a compromise, but this was the true height of the cold war and it was truly the dividing moment between the US and USSR. Khrushchev ... modernized. Perestroika In the mid-1980s, faced by a slowdown in economic growth rates, the Central Committee of the CPSU reached the conclusion that the economic management system of the Soviet Union had become incompatible with the nation's level of development. The Central Committee's...

• Word Count: 2365
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1836 gave up his law practice because he couldn't support the United States Constitution, James G. Birney of Ohio who gathered all anti-slavery forces into one unit called the Liberty Party and Frederick Douglass, who was an escaped slave who became a black editor. The last main conflict that led to succession was during the presidential election of 1860. The newly formed ... Republican party nominated Abraham Lincoln on principles that opposed the further expansion of slavery. Now with Lincoln being elected the South really felt that expansionism was being threatened, and because expan...

• Word Count: 2004
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... 1836 gave up his law practice because he couldn't support the United States Constitution, James G. Birney of Ohio who gathered all anti-slavery forces into one unit called the Liberty Party and Frederick Douglass, who was an escaped slave who became a black editor. The last main conflict that led to succession was during the presidential election of 1860. The newly formed ... Republican party nominated Abraham Lincoln on principles that opposed the further expansion of slavery. Now with Lincoln being elected the South really felt that expansionism was being threatened, and because expan...

• Word Count: 2004
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... 1836 gave up his law practice because he couldn't support the United States Constitution, James G. Birney of Ohio who gathered all anti-slavery forces into one unit called the Liberty Party and Frederick Douglass, who was an escaped slave who became a black editor. The last main conflict that led to succession was during the presidential election of 1860. The newly formed ... Republican party nominated Abraham Lincoln on principles that opposed the further expansion of slavery. Now with Lincoln being elected the South really felt that expansionism was being threatened, and because expan...

• Word Count: 2004
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... 1836 gave up his law practice because he couldn't support the United States Constitution, James G. Birney of Ohio who gathered all anti-slavery forces into one unit called the Liberty Party and Frederick Douglass, who was an escaped slave who became a black editor. The last main conflict that led to succession was during the presidential election of 1860. The newly formed ... Republican party nominated Abraham Lincoln on principles that opposed the further expansion of slavery. Now with Lincoln being elected the South really felt that expansionism was being threatened, and because expan...

• Word Count: 2119
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... allowed America's borders and their shores to be safe and secured. During the Era of Good Feelings, the Jeffersonian balance between individual liberty and responsible government seemed to have been reached. The period of Monroe's presidency was a time for the United States to develop economically. In order for the nation to become wealthy, the government had to issue tariffs and increase ... good feelings, there was much rivalry between the political parties. The Federalist ideas and the Democratic-Republican's ideas clashed. But there was an even that ended this fight. The Federalist ...

• Word Count: 2246
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... Thomas Jefferson would pioneer substantial and even radical changes. The federal government was now in the hands of a relentless man and a persistent party that planned to diminish its size and influence. But although he overturned the principal Federalist domestic and foreign policies, Thomas Jefferson generally pursued ... a vacancy to fill, he instinctively named a trustworthy Republican. However, he resisted the demands of the more radical members of his party for wholesale removals and rarely discarded the competent moderate Federalists. Of course those were the type that he largel...

• Word Count: 2034
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... most celebrated Sioux leaders ever. He led numerous war parties and raids on other tribes and the United States army. His first encounter as a commander of a war party was in 1865. He led a siege against a United States Fort, called Fort Rice, which is in what is now known as North Dakota. His bravery ... also perceived that the enemy had no more ammunition left. He rode deliberately up to the barrier and threw his loaded gun over it; then he went back to his party and told then what he thought of them. "Now," said he, " I have armed him, for I will not see a brave man killed unarmed. I ...

• Word Count: 1868
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Alcohol and Teenagers: A Deadly Mix Most American teenagers drink some time during their high school career. Many see no harm in an occasional drink at a party. In fact many teenagers view alcohol as the "rite of passage into adulthood."" For this reason, teenagers are dying to drink alcohol. Unfair as the minimum legal drinking age may ... borrowed Id. Police officers also walk through bars or restaurants in plain clothes to spot underage drinkers or corrupt bartenders. A program called "Party Patrols- involves faculty at high schools and universities that tip off police to underage drinker...

• Word Count: 2400
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... 28, 1919, the Volstead Act was passed. It provided for the enforcement of Amendment 18, and was written by Wayne B. Wheeler and sponsored in Congress by a member of the Republican party, Andrew Volstead, of Minnesota. (Lawson 13) The consumption of alcohol did not decrease during the years of Prohibition. Annual per capita consumption had been decreasing steadily before Prohibition and ... reached an all time low during the 1921 depression. From 1922 to 1929, the rate increased greatly and reached pre-Prohibition levels. Beer was so bulky and hard to conceal, that the consumption of bee...

• Word Count: 1270
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the research provided here is from court cases and decisions that have shaped how the burden of proof is balanced. The constitution is used to shape the decisions that were reached by these court cases. In the Fourth amendment Americans are guaranteed to " be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated ... show that the defendant was properly informed of his or her rights and they have made up their own mind to decline their rights. Second the government is the only party responsible to show that the waiver of t...

• Word Count: 1395
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

... reduce inflation, and raise the standard of living. Supply side proponents say that by reducing government regulations and taxation, this will stimulate more economic growth, and market equilibrium will be reached on it's own, without government impositions. Keynesianism was popular until the late 1970's during a period of stagflation', where both unemployment and inflation were rising together. Policymakers realized that they ... of executives and low-skill workers. With the highly partisan political arena in the United States, we have seen each of the economic policies implemented by ...

• Word Count: 1834
• Approx Pages: 7

... has ever worked harder at inactivity, with such force of character, with such unremitting attention to detail, with such conscientious devotion to the task. Inactivity is a political philosophy and a party program with Mr. Coolidge, and nobody should mistake his unflinching adherence to it for a soft and easy desire to let things slide. Mr. Coolidge's inactivity is not merely the absence ... poor Republican record in Congress, and wondered "how those Republican senators and representatives who have opposed Coolidge policies and have voted to override his vetoes can say anything for the pa...

• Word Count: 1759
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... president in the 1824 election. III. Terms of Presidency His1st term was from 1829 to 1832 His 2nd term was served between 1833-1836 IV. Political Party He was known to be a Democrat V. The Major Issues of the Election A. During the 1st term (1828): Most of the campaigning revolved around ... renewed his authority to call up troops, was used as a preventive measure against having to use force on some ships by collecting duties before ships reached South Carolina. O. On December 28, 1835, four days before they were to give up their Floridian settlements and move west, Seminole Indians ki...

• Word Count: 2042
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... a water route to the Pacific, while obtaining samples of vegetation and information. Aided by French-Canadian fur trader Toussaint Charbonneau and his native American wife Sacajawea, Lewis and Clark reached the Pacific 18 months later, and successfully returned to Jefferson with the news. 1804 The Twelfth Amendment This amendment established separate votes in the Electoral College for president and vice ... to liberty. His vision and ideals of government propelled him into his extraordinarily successful first term, which in turn launched him into his second. However, as disagreement surf...

• Word Count: 2386
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... asked to produce tangible evidence of this, McCarthy only released one name, Owen Lattimore, which proved to be a nonexistent member of the State Department with no ties to the Communist party (Fariello 91). Nonetheless, McCarthy's claims struck a chord in an already fearful country. The Senator continued on his crusade to rid the government of all who had "anti-American" views. He ... and Communist activists named Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were implicated in the case. Their trial became a national phenomenon, and sparked fear and controversy everywhere. After a lengthy trial the case ...

• Word Count: 1414
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate