... the Communist party USA (CPUSA). Hay is often referred to as the "father of gay liberation". The group took on a cell type organization, at the time popular with secret Communist groups, to avoid prosecution. Their intention was to become "an internationalfraternal order acting as a service and welfare organization devoted to the protection and improvement of Society's Androgynous Minority ... , Massachusetts were getting angered and complaining about gay men allegedly soliciting sexual acts and favors in the bathroom of the Boston Public Library. In response to citizen outcry, the Boston...

• Word Count: 4166
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography

... British Mandate, which declared the bearing of unauthorized arms by Palestinian Jews to be illegal. Arms and ammunition were smuggled into the country, and training was conducted in secret. In addition to guarding settlements, the Haganah manufactured arms, built a series of roads and stockades throughout Palestine to facilitate defense, and organized and defended groups of Jewish ... civilians and did little to discourage the fedayeen, became increasingly controversial both within Israel and abroad. Shortly thereafter Israeli reprisal raids were directed against military targets, fronti...

• Word Count: 6784
• Approx Pages: 27
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... without oversight or accountability, under murky legal restraints2 and often with immunity. The outsourcing of a number of basic functions which traditionally were carried out by national armies or police forces, known as the top-down privatization, has blurred the borderlines between the public services of the State and the private commercial sector. The activities of humanitarian non ... which a further reflection is needed to consider the opportunity to introduce a specific normative framework. South Africa Following the dismantling of the military and secret services of the apartheid ...

• Word Count: 9871
• Approx Pages: 39
• Grade Level: Graduate

... also discriminated by private employers, and they could not serve in the armed forces. They were treated unjustly and often violently by the police and did not find justice in the courts. Homosexuals were also ridiculed by society and encountered many problems in everyday life.1 Medical authorities ... The Mattachine Society appears to be the best know, the oldest and most responsible of the homophile groups. The Foundation has begun as a secret society that mainly sponsored discussion groups, "intended to educate homosexuals about themselves and nonhomosexuals [sic] about the invert.""...

• Word Count: 3713
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography

... Education and Training (GREAT) program to provide a wide range of structured activities and classroom instruction for school aged children. According to the website, http://www.ci.phoenix.az.us/POLICE/great.html), GREAT helps youth become responsible members of their communities by setting goals, resisting the pressure to join gangs and learning how to resolve conflict without violence. This program ... Chicago's Gang Congregation Ordinance was unconstitutional. The Court stated that the City Council failed to "establish minimal guidelines to govern law enforcement (Scofield, 1999, p. 2...

• Word Count: 4105
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... still continue to die. And the World will still continue to watch on CNN. Some question what gives the west, in particular America, the right to "police" the rest of the world and to attempt to control governments in other far-off countries. If indeed Saddam has the weapons that America claims he does ... still has the receipts." As asserted earlier, many people claim that Britain and America neither have the right to intervene in Iraq nor the right to police the rest of the world. Yet we must face up to the reality that America is the world's only remaining superpower, and the West relie...

• Word Count: 2874
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... by such an installation and use is relevant to an ongoing criminal investigation. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, was passed in 1978. It allows a secret court to engage in surveillance on any foreign individual, an agent of foreign power as defined in the act. Surveillance under FISA is permitted based ... govern our society, mostly for safety and regulatory purposes. With the existence of the executive branch, such laws can be enforced. This branch consists of our police officers, military, and president. For example, legislators make a law stating it unlawful to protest. Being a...

• Word Count: 4145
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography

... saucers, faced mouth to mouth, or like two old type washbowls placed together in the same fashion." (Roswell) After reporting this to the police, the Roswell Army soon took possession of the craft. (Roswell) This Roswell occurrence has caused media hype for the past fifty years and ... regarding them? One example of these folders is the Disclosure Project. The Disclosure Project is a nonprofit research effort that has been identifying top-secret military, government, and other witnesses to UFO and extraterrestrial events since 1993. The advisors over this project feel that "if the word ...

• Word Count: 2735
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... or even a day care provider. On the other hand, if a stranger were to commit these acts of sexual abuse, it would be considered sexual assault and handled solely by the police and criminal courts. Unfortunately, "victims of sexual abuse are perhaps the most easily intimidated into remaining silent about their mistreatment- because they often suffer from feelings of shame and social ... wanting to please their parents. Society definitely needs to become more aware of the signs of child abuse because there are so many cases in which child abuse is kept a secret. For example, some children...

• Word Count: 3608
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... . People may resent living under laws that restrict nonabusers in an attempt to constrain the abusers, so the intrinsic injustice of blanket prohibitions may prompt perverse reactions. Finally, when scarce police and court resources are diverted toward the prevention of the nonabusive forms of behavior, fewer resources remain to be used in preventing the abusive behavior. There is ample evidence that ... one's occupation. To prohibit a poten- tially dangerous activity is a poor way to provide training in that activity, particularly when such efforts only force teens to "practice- their n...

• Word Count: 3739
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... by the time they are 16 years old [John N. Briere, Child Abuse Trauma (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1992); Diana E. Russell, The Secret Trauma: Incest in the Lives of Girls and Women (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1986)],5, i [though] fewer than 10 percent of child sexual abuse ... Minister Ruth Metzler] said.8 In 90% of the rapes of children less than 12 years old, the child knew the offender, according to police-recorded incident data.9 Family members account for 33% to 50% of abuse against girls and 10% to 20% against boys.10 The very ... 've arrested elementary school princip...

• Word Count: 3479
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... stress if they choose to persecute their offender. When a victim goes into the hospital for treatment, they are confronted with questions from police and doctors. The victim has to deal with the lawyer defending the perpetrator. The perpetrator's lawyers often ask degrading questions which add to ... taking the life of a helpless baby. Pregnancy and Incest Pregnancy due to incest is a very painful topic, which often is kept a secret by the family involved. Most often when there is a case of pregnancy in the case of incest, it is frequently seen by the ... to the client's post victimizatio...

• Word Count: 7108
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: High School

... , prostitution was sometimes seen as a "necessary evil", a marriage safety entity that allowed men to satisfy their supposedly stronger desires while sparing their wives from unwanted sex. After the Civil War, police and medical authorities attempted to legalize and regulate prostitution as a means to control the spread of venereal disease. In the 1870s, a coalition of women's rights activists, temperance reformers, former abolitionists ... had been horrified by the misery of impoverished women who gave birth to numerous children, sometimes at great risk to their own health. These women o...

• Word Count: 2720
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... carrying a suspicious package into the building that morning which could have been a rifle; the conclusion that Oswald possessed the marksmanship capabilities to fire such shots; his (presumed) lies to the police after arrest; and his previous attempt at an assassination of Major General Edwin A. Walker, which demonstrated his disposition to taking human life.5 This was enough (at least for the Warren ... -Mafia efforts to oust Castro, yet was pursued intensively by Robert Kennedy in his war on organized crime. Aside from this, it is speculated that Giancana's girlfriend, Judith Exner, h...

• Word Count: 2841
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... and improve his skin color, but for the rest of his political career (and life) his health was fragile. JFK and his family worked hard to keep his Addison's Disease a secret, aware that public knowledge of such a condition would probably torpedo his chances of political advancement. Reelected to a second term in the House in 1948, and then a third in 1950, JFK ... was also the mistress of a mob boss. But there were many others in addition, including those with whom JFK had countless brief, semi-anonymous flings. All of this was kept secret from the general public, of course, as was JFK'...

• Word Count: 8348
• Approx Pages: 33
• Grade Level: High School

... South traveled into the western territories and Mexico. Some runaways reached Baltimore and New Orleans they blended right into the free black population. There was also the underground rail road a secret organization There wore other ways for blacks to get their freedom besides running away such as joining the civil war with Jefferson was the only way they would receive freedom ... egregious in the urban ghettos of the central cities where three-fifths of American's blacks live. It is in these urban centers where housing, health care, transportation, education, insurance and police ser...

• Word Count: 3713
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: High School

... too close to its own debauchery. 'Burning the candle at both ends' was the social addiction of the day. It only took 6 months of the Prohibition era for thousands of secret taverns, called speakeasies, to shoot up all over the USA. Years of protesting finally paid off for all those wearing the 'Bread, not Booze" badges on the 20 January 1920 ... affect, and a there was a creation of a new social reality. No American law, however, had ever been so obviously disregarded. When asked in the mid-1920, New York City chief of police said that he estimated that there were over 32,000 speakeasie...

• Word Count: 2893
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Order of the Knights of Labor. Garment workers in Philadelphia who believed that one union of skilled and unskilled workers should exist founded it in 1869. The union was originally a secret, but later was open to all workers, including blacks, women and farmers. Five hundred thousand workers joined in a year. Their goals were an eight-hour work day, a minimum wage, arbitration ... for shorter hours. A group of radicals and anarchists became involved in this campaign. Two days later, a death occurred from shooting during a riot in the McCormick Harvester plant in Chicago when police arr...

• Word Count: 2529
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... way to compare and contrast news accounts from all over the United States. That discovery is scaring the establishment press as much as Drudge's critical reports have scared the truth police at the White House. The Washington Post, CNN and other big news organizations have resorted to lawsuits to try to prevent the kinds of news links provided by Drudge and ... , in some cases it appears many in the press have leapt to conclusions on the basis of flimsy evidence. The Dallas Morning News, for example, scooped the story of certain Secret Service officials being subpoenaed for their knowled...

• Word Count: 4649
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

... associated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and that are registered with the government. If a union does not meet these requirements, it cannot exist and will be stopped by the police and/or the army of Mexico. Because the people of Mexico need their jobs so much, they have no way of objecting to the unfair wages. In 1993, in the ... Congress awarded President Bush the "fast track" legislation, he was able to negotiate discreetly with Mexico and Canada. If NAFTA was such a good idea, why then were the negotiations called "A Secret Deal"? (Perot, 1993:13) The government o...

• Word Count: 3581
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: High School

... his position as a dictator. For three years all of the Soviet Union's people lived in fear, this included members of the Communist Party, the government, military personnel and even his secret police themselves. During this time over 15 million people were arrested and over 3 million of them were killed either through execution or from the oppressive conditions in labor camps. During Stalin ... ...

• Word Count: 2710
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... with the way Stalin did it, seven million Russian peasants died of famine over a five-year period. Stalin also became obsessed with destroying all opposition. Through the use of his secret police, Stalin ordered purges, which often included his own communist party members, and seven million were executed and another seven million sent to slave camps. Including those that died in camps ... ...

• Word Count: 2597
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... seizes Taiwan and S. Manchuria. 1910 Annexation of Korea. 1926 Hirohito becomes Emperor. 1931 Sept.18 - "The Mukden Incident" - Bomb explodes under Japanese-owned express train in Manchuria (planted by Japanese secret agents); Japanese troops proceed to occupy all Manchuria. 1932 Chinese boycott of Japanese goods leads to the "Battle of Shanghai"; Japanese aircraft carriers in action for the first time. League ... would become part of Japan. In 1931, the Japanese began their takeover and by the end of 1932, they ruled all of Manchuria (Harris 1994). The new regime and its police who hav...

• Word Count: 7379
• Approx Pages: 30
• Grade Level: High School

... U.S.C. 2703. Least demanding and perhaps least intrusive of all is the procedure that governs court orders approving the government's use of trap and trace devices and pen registers, a kind of secret "caller id", which identify the source and destination of calls made to and from a particular telephone, 18 U.S.C. 3121-3127 (Chapter 206). The orders are available based on the government's certification ... is usually becomes permanent, she cites the decision in Kyllo v. United States. "In Kyllo, the Supreme Court concluded that the use of an advanced thermal detection device that allowed...

• Word Count: 4175
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School