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Cloning

 

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             Cloning has a short but rather amazing history. People actually attempted cloning at the beginning of the 20th century. Sea urchins, frogs, sheep and other organisms were used to try to perfect cloning. .
             Cloning has been attempted many times. The first attempt was made by Adolf Eduard Driesch. Driesch could let the eggs of a sea urchin into a two-blastomere stage. Then he separated them by shaking the flask and allowing them to grow. The cells developed into dwarf sea urchins and Driesch could not explain the reasoning. In 1952 Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King made the second attempt. They successfully planted a nucleus into an egg cell. They had transferred the nuclei into the egg of a leopard frog. Unfortunately the egg cells did not develop. A successful transfer of the nucleus occurred later in the 1970s; it was accomplished by John Gurdon. However the eggs did not develop beyond tadpoles. In 1981 scientists announced a successful transplant of mouse embryo nuclei into eggs. Scientists tried to copy the experiment but found the results were fabricated. In the seventies and early eighties a few scientists still studied cloning and believed it was possible. In later years they dropped cloning and went on to different occupations. However the persistence of .
             Dr. Steene Willadson led to the successful transfer of nuclei of embryos of sheep to produce clones. Later he experimented with cows and monkeys and also became successful. Later, in 1996 Dr. Willmut and Dr. Cambell of Scotland produced the first cloned sheep from embryos. There new method was to starve the donor cell of nutrients, which would allow the genetic information to pass more easily. This made Dr. Willmut and Dr. Cambell world famous. .
             There are many good attributes and bad attributes that come with cloning. Many things are human related which will effect the whole population of Earth. Others may just affect animals and not humans. .
             There are many goals and purposes that scientist have for cloning.


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