He called this the "fantastical experiment."" The only problem with this experiment was that Spemann didn't have a clue of how to do it. A very significant contribution came in 1944 when American Oswald Avery located the nucleic acid DNA as the carrier of genetic information, instead of proteins in the cell. Further insight into this concept came in 1950 when Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used radioactively labeled E. coli to prove that DNA and not proteins had penetrated interior of cells and was the true carrier of heredity. In 1952, a significant event occurred, Robert Briggs and Thomas King cloned northern leopard frog using nuclear transfer. "The purpose of the experiment was to study the activation and deactivation of genes during cell development. Using a glass pipette with a width between the cell's nucleus and the cell's width, King removed the nucleus from a blastula cell, an embryo cell during the period in which the embryo is only about 16 thousand cells. The outer part of the cell was crushed and broke away as the nucleus is sucked into the pipette. A glass needle was then used to remove the egg's own nucleus, and was replace with the nucleus of the blastula cell. Finally, Briggs and King cloned 27 tadpoles from 104 nuclear transfers. Those few surviving tadpoles cloned from differentiated cells were abnormal, leading Briggs and King to believe that adult differentiated cells cannot be used to clone an organism."" (http://library.thinkquest.org/C0122429/history/1952.htm). In 1962, John Gurdon claimed to have cloned frogs from adult cells. His experiment demonstrated that cells retain the ability to form different tissues even after they specialize. Yet, mistakes were found in his work. "Dennis Smith pointed out that there were some undifferentiated sex cells in the intestines of South African frogs, so the tadpoles Gurdon cloned may very well be cloned from those undifferentiated cells.
Is cloning legal? ... What is cloning? ... Cloning 3 Now that we have established the scientific basis of cloning, let me tell you how cloning can directly benefit humanity. ... To clone or not to clone is not the question. Cloning is the future. ...
We have also heard about three cloned cows. What about human clones? ... The cloning revolution now leads us an ethical issue about human cloning. ... Cloning technology can help remove disease from a clone when the original suffered from disease. ... More likely a human clone will attract world-wide attention, especially the very first clone. ...
Cloning In the past few years, the topic of cloning has been in the news a lot. ... In order for cloning to take place, all genes must be active. ... Cloning could also revolutionize the field of organ transplant. Organs and bone marrow could be cloned and used for transplant. ... Drawbacks There are also many reasons not to clone. ...
The Benefits of Cloning Technology What comes to mind when people think about cloning? Probably a movie they have seen before, like The Sixth Day. Arnold Schwarzenegger plays a man who is cloned without his knowledge. The clone takes over his life. This is just one fear that people have. But t...
In today's society cloning is one of the most talked about and controversial issues. There are numerous people that oppose cloning while on the other hand there are people who are for cloning. People who are against cloning bring up points of morality and religion. ... Among all of this controversy, there are benefits to cloning. ... According to the article "Human Cloning" by D. ...
Firstly, "Human cloning is a form of cloning which is designed to result in a copy of a human being," this means that the procedures that human cloning contains is specifically designed to result in an exact copy of the human being cloned. ... "Human cloning creates questions about the soul, the role of God in society, and even the quality of life that a cloned person may have." The disadvantages of human cloning are undoubtedly clear. ... "One of the most noticeable is that the cloned child will have exactly the same medical history as their parent clone's." ... Ther...
This paper is not meant to be a history lesson in cloning or to explain all the scientific terms that are related to cloning. ... Identical siblings constitute a clone. ... Dolly was a sheep and the first cloned mammal. ... One patient has a clone and all that needs to be done is remove the clone liver and place it in his/her body. ... Before cloning the term used was eugenics. ...
There are three different types of cloning. ... Next there is Adult DNA cloning; this is the most common type of cloning that is thought of because it shows a clone that was made from another living organism and looks exactly the same("Human" 1). ... There are many questions when it comes to cloning and the ethics of cloning. ... More importantly, who will get cloned? ... Most people scared of cloning encourage the study of cloning but do not like the idea of actually cloning humans, which is understandable (Stanley 37). ...
There are three types of cloning methods the first is Embryo cloning. The second is reproductive cloning and the third is therapeutic cloning. ... Therapeutic cloning is a process in which the initial stages are identical to adult DNA cloning. ... (Cloning process) The rapid development of the technology for cloning has led to moral debates around the world on whether or not to ban creating human clones. ... Another argument for cloning is that individuals with characteristics can be cloned as substitutes. ...
