These prayer times are symbolic of the times when sacrifices were offered in the Jerusalem Temple. During the actual worship services in the Temple, there are many different prayers that can be said, but the single required prayer is the Tefillah. It is recited standing. All services are concluded with two messianic prayers, Alenu and Kaddish. The prayers of Kaddish are also prayers used in mourning during the burial of a Jew and on the anniversary of their death. As a sign of respect, it is fitting for male Jews to wear a fringed prayer shawl, the tallith, and a hat, the kippah or yarmulke. .
In rabbinic Judaism, which is also known as Contemporary Judaism, the study of the Torah is also a sign of worship. Passages from the Mishnah and the Talmud are recited during daily morning services. The major liturgical readings from the Torah take place on the Sabbath and on festival mornings. In addition to daily prayers, Jews recite a list of benedictions throughout the day. They do so before performing commandments and before enjoying the bounties of nature. The Jew looks upon earth as a gift from God, and humans are here to be the tenants. The Jewish calendar follows the divisions of time prescribed in the Torah. Therefore, every seventh day is the Sabbath. No work should be performed during this time. By abstaining from work, the Jews return the world to its owner, God. The Sabbath is spent in prayer, study, rest, and family feasting. The Jewish religion holds some limitations as to one's diet. A table at one's home is seen also as a table of the Lord. Certain animals are deemed to be "unclean" and not fit to eat. Theses animals are fall pigs and fish without fins or scales. Also, milk and meat products should not be eaten together. Foods that are acceptable to eat are called Kosher. .
The Jewish year includes five major festivals and two minor ones. Three of the major ones are tied in with agriculture and the seasons of Israel.
