Armstrong (1999) discusses non-financial motivation in terms of achievement, recognition, responsibility, influence and personal growth. .
Achievement .
Achievement motivation can be increased by organisations though processes and systems such as job design, performance management, and skills-based and competence-based pay schemes. .
Individuals in managerial, sales, marketing and research and development jobs are strongly motivated to achieve, but the aim is by no means restricted to people in those occupations or roles. .
Recognition .
Financial and non-financial rewards operate mutually to reinforce this form of reward. .
Recognition provided by positive and immediate feedback .
Responsibility .
Levels of responsibility vary because of a corporation's empowerment and cultural differences. .
High level of responsibility as it is a small organisation. Individuals are expected to take on the three elements of a task; planning, executing and controlling. .
Influence .
The hierarchical structure and size of an organisation makes it difficult for employees to be influential. .
As above, size of organisation helps, but internal politics can overshadow employee's influence. .
Personal Growth .
Important corporation as long as individual stays in Nortel and grows .
Employees grow with company and at their own pace. Table 3: Differences and similarities in terms of non-financial motivators at Nortel and Fine Point .
The archetypical Sales person .
O"Leary (1997) explores the concept "career ambitious" in the contexts of traditional corpocratic "male" career development models. Traditional corpocratic career development models are premised on the notion of linear hierarchical progression and, accordingly, encourage competition, this being the vehicle through which the individual reaches the much-prized top rung of the career ladder. The archetypical sales person is fiercely competitive, viewing her or his career as a series of tournaments, and measuring her or his career success by objective measures such as salary, rank or promotion.
