geographically located at 20° N and 77° E. India is bounded by Pakistan to north-west, Nepal and China to the north-east, Arabian sea to the south-east and Bay of Bengal to the south-west. The capital of India is New Delhi, a sprawling city with 11 million people. Indian history can be traced back over some 5,000 years. Many dynasties like Gupta, Mogul, and Sultans ruled India over centuries. The history of British India begins in 1600, with the setting up of the East India Company. Gradually they became the rulers and ruled India until it became independent in 1947 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. After independence India was partitioned to create Pakistan, a Muslim state.

According to Indian constitution, India is a "sovereign, socialist, secular,

democratic republic". The central government is patterned after the British parliamentary system. The government has three branches, executive, legislative, judiciary. The president is the head of the state and his duties are largely ceremonial. Prime Minister is the head of the government and he leads the cabinet, the council of

diversity. Underneath this diversity lies the continuity of Indian civilization

India's nuclear tests in May 1998 seriously damaged Indian-American relations.

dominant and national-based Congress Party toward smaller, narrower-based

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