Artificial intelligence includes two types. These are neural networks and expert systems. They make use of human-like qualities such as intuition and logic to solve a problem. An expert system can be fed, for example, the music of Charlie Parker and eventually output a synthetic version of the input. It learns from its mistakes to create better examples of the input music.

With the advent of computers came the use of the computer in algorithmic composition. The first use was by Lejaren Hiller and Loren Issacson who used a computer to compose a four-movement suite called the Illiac Suite. The main technique used throughout the suite is a technique called “generate and test”. This involves generating a random value and testing it according to predefined constraints. In the first movement of the Illiac Suite, the random values generated were tested according to the rules of sixteenth century counterpoint as described by Fux in Gradus ad Parnassum. These rules included familiar rules of contrapuntal writing such as no parallel fifths or octaves, no large leaps, and only consonant intervals. The output was written in code and then transcribed for string quartet. Although most of the work used similar “generate and test” techniques, they were tested according to different stylistic constraints (Dodge, Jerse, 292).

Chaotic music is based on a mathematical concept known as fractals. Fractals are used to model events that are not quite random and yet cannot be predicted. This includes the shape of a coastline, the weather, and the stock market. Fractal music makes use of recursive functions to generate material that can be mapped to rhythms, pitches, and even

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