To the extent that law reflects existing mores of conduct, the ICC is first and foremost a monument to humankind's gradual renunciation of atrocities as an instrument of statecraft. ... The indictment of sitting heads of state, such as Slobodan Milosevic, became a defining moment for the rule of law in its most stark sense, embodying the proposition-captured in the Nuremberg Judgment's aphorism-that "[c]rimes against international law are committed by men, not by abstract entities, and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be enf...

• Word Count: 1487
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

Customs authorities may also have questions about the legitimacy of this of that international economic activity and so on. ... Various laws and regulations of customs authorities are being issued more and more often. Because of that sometimes certain difficulties in the tracking of all the changes in the legislation may arise. - Joint efforts of law enforcement agencies , taking into account the legal distribution of their powers have not yet fully focused on the identification, detection, investigation and prevention of crimes in the customs area; -Lack of proper interaction between law enf...

• Word Count: 1015
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

Indeed, there are no Peaces agreements between Lebanon and Israel or between Syria and Israel and this have put all international water laws and rights besides pending any accord. International law has proven itself inadequate in defending the equal use of shared water supplies in that region because the increase of population, the patterns of water use, overuse, and political territorial issues are resulting in disagreement over water distribution (Ofori-Amoah A. 2004). ... In the middle-east and more especially in our case, the Jordan River, international laws were seems to be alone not eno...

• Word Count: 1957
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Private military and security companies fill the vacuum mainly left in three types of unstable situations: (i) in zones of low-intensity armed conflict (the new asymmetrical wars) where the armies are not fully deployed or in post conflict situations with a high level of insecurity; (ii) in armed conflicts when international organizations do not intervene; and (iii) in troubled areas in developing countries where there is no presence of the State and extractive transnational corporations operate.5 Under the emergent system of international criminal law the individual is a subject of the law. M...

• Word Count: 9871
• Approx Pages: 39
• Grade Level: Graduate

Pinochet's Case - Evolution in International Law On the fateful morning of October 16, 1998 General Augusto Pinochet was arrested by London's Metropolitan Police based on a preliminary extradition request from the Spanish government. ... Pinochet's case revolutionized international law in began many questions which tested the enforceability, precision, interpretation, and legitimacy of the international legal system. ... Pinochet's case put to the test the stability and structure of our International Law system in many ways: it questioned the 1984 Torture convention ...

• Word Count: 867
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

Resolution The Commission on Human Rights, Deeply disturbed by the alarmingly high numbers of refugees throughout the world who do not receive adequate protection and assistance, and conscious of the serious challenge this is creating for the international community, Conscious of the human rights and humanitarian dimensions of the problems of refugees and the responsibilities this poses for States and the international community to explore methods and means better to address their specific protection and assistance needs, Emphasizing that the provision of security to refugees a...

• Word Count: 489
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

Regional countries break the national boundaries and move towards the way of to becoming a part of the international community. ... The creation of IGOS and INGOS, the changing structure of the form, scope and subject of international law, the emergence of regional organization and institutions all illuminate a shift from a purely state centric politics to a new and more complex, form of multilayered global governance. ... This promotes international regime and international regulatory agencies at the regional and global levels for expansion. Also, the numbers and importance of international s...

• Word Count: 1487
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Additionally, political law and international cooperation to tackle international terrorism increased considerably after the events of 11 September 2001. International political law constitutes state policy in which the UN states member come to an agreement to establish the rules, the rules that correspond the conditions to achieve security from any threats of terror. ... The veto power clearly jeopardizes the international stability. Indeed, it fundamentally disrupts the order, values, and norms of international relations. ... But in fact, the actions taken by the US in Afghanistan exceeded...

• Word Count: 1098
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

Canada has developed policies and laws that are based on the principles that terrorism must be prevented, perpetrators of terrorist acts must be brought to swift justice, and terrorists should be denied sanctuary and support. Combatting terrorism requires international cooperation and coordination. Canada has worked in various international fora, principally the G7/8 and the United Nations, for over twenty years to develop legal tools and international standards to combat terrorism. ... Within the federal government, departments dealing with law enforcement, national security, criminal jus...

• Word Count: 503
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

There are many relevant aspects to compare in order to establish how the situation in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was before and after the construction of this superstructure such as Israeli national security, Social issues from Palestine perspective, economy and international community position. ... In violation of a ruling by the International Court of Justice and a resolution by the United Nations General Assembly, the wall just deep inside Palestinian Territory (Sorkin front flap). ... Regarding the position taken by the international community in relation to the "Security Fence...

• Word Count: 1590
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

The International Center for Alcohol Policies's comparative studies across countries and other analyses suggest that culture of parental influence and drinking habits, family structure, peer pressure, alcohol expectancies and drinking motives play a prominent role in young people's drinking patterns. The industry claims that it is fully "committed to complying with existing laws and regulations regarding young people in all markets including restrictions on advertising and marketing to young people" (ICAP). ... During the examination process, the FTC reviewed "advertising placem...

• Word Count: 1424
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

"We the people of the United Nations determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of a human person, in the equal rights of men and women in nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom."" ... The United Nations is ...

• Word Count: 2668
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Graduate

The legal responses to the genocide were plentiful, seen through the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), amendments to international laws such as the responsibility to protect, third party national prosecutions and judicial processed in Rwanda. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was effective in implementing justice and closure for the victims of the genocide, as well as providing an adequate deterrent for other groups of people with genocidal intent. ... The 'Responsibility to Protect' Doctrine created an international approach to abuses of human rights s...

• Word Count: 1261
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

An exchange rate of one-to-one with the dollar had been fixed by the law and every peso from the central bank was backed by a dollar of liquid assets like US treasury notes. ... Argentina needs a large scale international monetary aid and must develop an endurable economic plan in order to take proper fiscal and monetary measures to come out of the recession and the economic quagmire it has entrapped itself in. The IMF and US have set a number of conditions in order to enable Argentina to qualify for such international loans such as overhauling its tax system, fixing the problem of provincial ...

• Word Count: 506
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Laws, known a Jim Crow Laws, legalized racial segregation, which submitted African-Americans to second-class citizenship, whilst enforcing white supremacy. (Jim Crow Laws, 2014 MLK National Historic Site) These laws enforced the segregation public schools, restrooms, restaurants and even drinking fountains for whites and blacks. ... (Pinder, K & Hanson, E 2010 A Historical Perspective of Segregation, Amsterdam Law Reform) For decades, civil rights activists had been fighting these laws and social customs to secure equality for all Americans; however, these advances proved ineffective in disma...

• Word Count: 1477
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

This objective has its aims being a) to improve the standards of living and work, b) full employment of labor and other factors of production, c) accelerated coordinated and sustained economic development and convergence, d) expansion of trade and economic relations with third state, e) enhanced levels of international competitiveness, f) organization for increased production and productivity, g) the achievement of a greater measure of economic independence and effectiveness of its Member States dealing with third states, group of states and entities of any description. ... It is also respon...

• Word Count: 1589
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

The main reason for all the excitement of this discovery is because if scientists were to be able to use this type of technology in space and also with communications between earth and its satellites, according to the laws of physics, it would mean that we would now have, literally, the fastest communication possible. Being able to use quantum technology in space for example, the space station, would allow us not only to communicate with astronauts working in the International Space Station, but with all sorts of other space programs from all over the world. In other words, being able to apply...

• Word Count: 4225
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Graduate

A further ethical issue regarding human rights is the justification of intervention and the international community's 'Responsibility to Protect', and the impact of this intervention, such as that seen in Libya, on state sovereignty. ... Thus human rights are culturally relative and are certainly not universal in many states which have opposing views to the West, despite being international law. ... This has recently been exemplified in a report by human rights group China Labour Watch, which revealed that Pegatron, a Taiwanese company which assembles Apple products, is forcin...

• Word Count: 1450
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

Section 15 of the Charter sets the basis for labor rights by asserting that individuals have the right to equality before and under the law. ... Further, the provision allows for laws, such as affirmative action programs, that would attempt to compensate for systemic disadvantages that prevent protected groups from receiving equality before the law. ... Adams argues strongly for the adaptation of labor laws to be in accordance with the human rights laws, as he does not believe that the way they are practiced currently are in accordance with certain statutes (62). ... As Adams notes, "the ...

• Word Count: 3245
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Thereafter, Yanukovych signed a treaty and multi-billion dollar loan with Russia instead, which sparked civil unrest in Kiev that ultimately led to violent clashes as law enforcement troops cracked down on protesters. ... The foreign investments came from the International Monetary Fund in the form of loans amounting to more than $18 billion contingent upon Ukraine adopting reforms in almost all aspects of society,[39] including a raise in domestic gas-supply price to the global price. ... Russia opposes the "annexation" label, with Putin defending the referendum saying it complied wit...

• Word Count: 1170
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

"Following the September 11th attack, where the Al-Queda acquired bombmaking and terrorist knowledge over the internet, many lawmakers have proposed that an international body regulate the internet so that sites which provide information to terrorists could be eliminated." ... Law enforcement agencies believe that, because the availability of bombmaking information is becoming increasingly widespread over the Internet and from other sources, such published instructions will continue to play a significant role in aiding those intent upon committing future acts of terrorism and violence. ...

• Word Count: 908
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

Ethical Leadership The pursuit of effective ethical leadership on a global level is an ever-challenging task due to a consistent lack of forms of standardized or generally accepted ethical and moral leadership practices by corporate leaders in terms of cultural diversity in the international marketplace (Millar & Poole, 2011). ... The increasing need to continuous improvement, training and education in ethical leadership is evidenced by what transpired at the turn of the century involving a massive amount of unethical practices involving corporate financial scandals and the ensuing collapse of...

• Word Count: 601
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

International boundaries have become almost non-existent as multinationals are using strategies to expand their scales of operations worldwide. The socioeconomic, technological, and political environments have further aided in such expansions as such environments have become more supportive of international business activities. ... Such acts are intolerable, inhuman, and violate international labour laws. ...

• Word Count: 821
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

As Vietnam has become more integrated into the global economy during this era of globalisation, Vietnam's economic growth has been affected by the international business cycle – fluctuation in the levels of economic activity in the world economy over a period of time. ... The Vietnamese is largely responsible for the damage caused to the environment due to the lack of laws regarding emissions, wastage and zoning, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the environment. ... The final impact of globalization on Vietnam's economic development has been closer ties with the region...

• Word Count: 1293
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

Modern human rights discourse and language, as well as its implementation and applicability within international law was borne out of the 'Western' response to the atrocity and trauma experienced within humanity not only by the Nazi and other Fascist, totalitarian regimes during World War II but within the wider 'West' too. ... The creation and application of international human rights instruments did not however propose how human rights can be appreciated in light of differences in economic, political, social and cultural character of countries (Plantilla and Raj, 1997)....

• Word Count: 1758
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate