... the product will look like (Wulf). Even though the computer has played a huge roll in changing the engineering field, so have other tools. The calculator is another major tool that has changed the face of engineering. In the 1920's slide rules were used for calculations or they were done by hand. Petroski, an experienced engineer, said, "Today, students and engineers don ... can operate and have made the work environment less cluttered. This invention greatly changed the amount of tools needed on their desks. An engineer's desk in the 1920's was actually a drafting table and would hold ...

• Word Count: 1681
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... managed to achieve self-sufficiency or at least a maximum of self-sufficiency in a world which would inevitably be hostile or at best neutral toward each state's interests and in which alliances would reflect temporary coalitions of interests that should not be expected to last beyond that convergence. In the subsequent paragraphs a brief account of evolution of state system is given. The Medieval Background (Middle Ages ... : An Age of Faith 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D) The Medieval Synthesis refers to the relationship between the 1. Feudal king; 2. Feudal ... ...

• Word Count: 1478
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... out, and the consequences" Collins states in a recent interview ("Scholastic"). Her father also lived during the Great Depression, so he explained to his children the realities of poverty, starvation, and the reality of war. In The Hunger Games, the first book of the series takes place in an arranged war, in which children are forced to kill one another for entertainment ... between citizens and tyrannous governments. He also taught her about casualties and hostages, and about situations where they didn't make it out alive. Collins' thought of the idea for The Hunger Games series from s...

• Word Count: 1610
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... who spoke Yiddish among themselves and rarely needed to communicate with the "goyim" (non-Jews). Public school opened up the children to new worlds of American and English culture, language, literature and history. Many customs and traditions fell by the wayside in order to assimilate in the general society, ... States, marrying, and making the first of two contributions to the baby boom - my Uncle Terry was born in 1946 - the family started to settle down and make a go of the Post War American dream that included a G.I. Bill mortgage on an old house and a series of used cars. In 1953, my...

• Word Count: 1623
• Approx Pages: 6

... was considered Buffalo, meaning all Black, despite the Executive Order #8802. At that time the 92nd Division were treated poorly because of the Army's policies of segregation and discrimination. "On military posts to which they (92nd Division) are assigned all Black troops were housed in separate areas ... communities."3 In a letter a Black officer of the 92nd Division wrote to the African American newspapers on December 28th, 1943, he briefly describes the overall picture of treatment amongst Black Soldiers in World War II. "We recently returned from a series of problems on the field, w...

• Word Count: 1502
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was considered Buffalo, meaning all Black, despite the Executive Order #8802. At that time the 92nd Division were treated poorly because of the Army's policies of segregation and discrimination. "On military posts to which they (92nd Division) are assigned all Black troops were housed in separate areas ... communities."3 In a letter a Black officer of the 92nd Division wrote to the African American newspapers on December 28th, 1943, he briefly describes the overall picture of treatment amongst Black Soldiers in World War II. "We recently returned from a series of problems on the field, w...

• Word Count: 1502
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... author Georges Remi, mostly known as Hergé, who did not have any children, enjoyed entertaining them through his writing skills. Nevertheless Tintin, the comic series, which used to be published in a Belgian newspaper "Le Vingtième Siècle" for its children's special add-on, could ... be read by any first grader to a college graduate. However 'Land of the Black Gold" can be accepted as an exception. The underlying meanings seem to speak out loud to readers who are more experienced about worldly ... he himself have been through it first-hand. For example, Tintin says at one point...

• Word Count: 1962
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... an imperial propaganda Japan used to occupy other Asian countries. This imperial propaganda concept was made with Japanese occupied territories, such as Manchukuo, Republic of the Philippine, and Empire of Vietnam. An ostensible reason of this sphere was affranchising Asian countries from western colonial powers and creating a new order in East Asia. However, at the same time, their ... government aggressively go ahead with westernization and modernization. Through out the First Sino-Japanese War, Russo-Japanese War, Japanese Annexation of Korea, and the World War I, Japan gained their ...

• Word Count: 1898
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . At one point, communism was vastly powerful and advocated by many people in poverty. However, America feared this political view because their ideology was very different from that of communism's ideology. America's foundation is capitalism where Communism's foundation is equality. The rise of communism caused a series of events that led Americans to fear communists around the world, in their own country and the possibility ... of a nuclear holocaust.  Karl Marx, who founded the idea of communism, had a theory that socioeconomic systems are holding human societies' progress through cl...

• Word Count: 1564
• Approx Pages: 6

... , Kennan: [Wrote] as Mr. X, [and] published an outline of his philosophy in the prestigious journal Foreign Affairs in 1947. His conclusion was that "the main element of any United States policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. Containment provided a conceptual framework for a series of successful initiatives undertaken from 1947 to 1950 to ... blunt Soviet expansion. Given the innate hostility of the Soviet Union and settled upon a policy of "containing "Russian expansionism." The central theme...

• Word Count: 1800
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... tests, interpreting the Constitution, and other methods of excluding African Americans from voting (Memory). Prior to this, only an estimated twenty-three percent of voting-age blacks were registered nationally, but by 1969 the number had jumped to sixty-one percent (Memory). This was not the only law that was passed to protect African Americans, a series of constitutional amendments were passed to protect blacks ... . This period of progression was so significant that there was an official anthem ... that was created. "We Shall Overcome,"" is the name of the famed anthem sung by people ...

• Word Count: 1622
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of power. The mutual deterrence that existed during the cold war, because instead of two parties fighting for the world you now have numerous parties trying to defend their own interests inside of their own area. The globe has been divided into a series of border skirmishes, any one of which places us on the brink of ... nuclear war. For example, India is building a wide variety of new missiles with a range of 90 miles to 1,300 miles. ... (2) And Iraq refuses to let United Nations teams in to inspect its nuclear weapons stores. (1) In addition, the many of ... (8) In some cases the inv...

• Word Count: 1452
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Austria-Hungary from possible Russian attacks which would eventually occur because Russia attacked Turkey. Germany needed Austria-Hungary as an allie because if ever Austria-Hungary fell under the control of Russia , the Russians would attack the Germans next. Germany used the alliance as a defensive method to their advantage. Two years later the Germans and Austro-Hungarians realized that ... developed over time, machine guns and more accurate guns were invented . Tanks , air planes , poisonous gas, and submarines soon joined the war. Steamships and railroads quickly allowed the movem...

• Word Count: 1738
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... postal systems and even set up some humanitarian agreements in the case of war. The International Red Cross was one of these agreements, as was the establishment of a World Court, in The Netherlands, to help settle international disagreements. But attempts to negotiate a reduction of arms, in a series of conferences beginning in 1899, failed completely because of growing national military build-ups. Britain and Germany, in particular, refused ... to abandon their naval race, which grew even stronger with the development of the massive Dreadnought battleship shortly after 1900. World War...

• Word Count: 1485
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... latter feeling threatened by the presence of a naval fleet possibly rivaling the strength of its own. The consequences of these actions culminated in a series of alliances and treaties, partitioning the European powers into two groups: the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; and the Triple Entente of Great Britain, France and Russia. Moreover, each of these countries also maintained commitments to ... smaller, weaker neighbors throughout Europe. As previously noted, the assassination of ... horrors that lay in wait at the front; or, perhaps, simply no one wanted to. ...

• Word Count: 1278
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... real growth rate during this period averaging close to 12%. The main factor behind this growth was rising capital investment, used for major outlays designed to bring about economies of scale, build additional facilities to increase export capacity, and acquire equipment needed to respond to changes in the economic and social environments, such as labor-saving tools and ... pollution-cutting devices. Increases in exports due to the stronger price competitiveness of Japanese products also supported the sustained rise in business activity. The Japanese economic miracle is complex and can o...

• Word Count: 2410
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... so, in the late 1920's, the League's failure over disarmament did not seem too serious because of a series of international agreements, which seemed to promise a more peaceful world. The two most important of these agreements were the Locarno Treaties and the Kellogg-Briand Pact. In October 1925, representatives of France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Poland and Czechoslovakia met in Locarno. They came to an ... all the powers knew that Hitler was secretly rearming. Against that background, the Disarmament Conference struggled on for another year but in an atmosphere of increasing fu...

• Word Count: 1879
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... Party came to power through a series of swift, ruthless and devastating actions which firmly established Germany as a fascist state. The centralisation of power in Germany, known as "co-ordination" (Gleichschaltung), was initiated on the day of the election and was carried out with such clinical efficiency, that the German state was completely transformed within a matter of months. Hitler's Gleichschaltung was extremely ... and stirring speeches. The totalitarian state model, which was so important to the Nazi Party's grip on its people, was achieved through a mix of persuasion, motivatio...

• Word Count: 1333
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... things I didn't know and found more evidence to some things I did know. Fascism in general is a simple concept. Sacrifice one for the good of all. Fascism is a political belief that the Italian people needed. As they started acting like a defeated power after WWI they began to invert and ... reclaim their national identity. Without a strong leader to nurture that need, then worse things could have happened. The nationalistic views of Fascism are what were needed. The actual dictatorship was a horrible side effect to a strong leader. Sometimes the cure is worse than the ... . The King se...

• Word Count: 1536
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... Schwaben Redoubt, a German fortification. Eventually he fell ill with severe trench fever at the end of October 1916. While in the hospital he started writing The Book of Lost Tales that eventually became The Silmarillon, the basis for most of the Lord of the Rings series' content (van Vliet). Tolkein's experiences during the Great War, and the happenings throughout his life, seem to appear ... in the history of Middle Earth. Tolkein was also a lover of languages. As an academic philologist, Tolkein held the Chair ... of English Language and Medieval Literature at Leeds and had worked ...

• Word Count: 2079
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... He articulated the concept that would shape the entire Cold War: containment. Truman asserted that the Soviet Union, like Germany before it, sought world domination. As William Chafe has written of containment policy: "...containment ceased to be a specific and precise response to a particular situation and, instead, became a diffuse, universal rationale for resisting any change in the international status ... any nation anywhere that seemed threatened by Soviet expansion. Tensions between these 2 nations only surface as US advisers such as Kennan miss-interpertated USSR's determination...

• Word Count: 1911
• Approx Pages: 8

... Enrico Fermi and his team of scientists demonstrated in a Chicago laboratory that the neutrons released by the fissioning of uranium could be used to create a self sustaining chain reaction. In July of 1945 a team of scientists and engineers working under the command of General Groves on the Manhattan Project demonstrated at the Trinity site in New Mexico that a rapid series of chain reactions could be ... harnessed to make a nuclear weapon. In August of 1945 the U.S. exploded nuclear weapons ... in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After the end of World War II the Soviet Union developed nuclear...

• Word Count: 2055
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... soldier who fought in World War One. His excellent use of diction, figurative language, punctuation, and imagery convinces the reader that war is actually the disastrous series of tragic events he, as a soldier, had to go through. The poem's main theme, the veneration of war, is explored though imagery that presents war as horrifying ... . The persona's viewpoint, used to express the meaning of the poem, is that this worshiping of war should be terminated. ... the soldiers are walking through a trench. The second one narrates a tense situation, where gas shells are thrown at the marching...

• Word Count: 1419
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was a strong illustration of the increasing aggression of German foreign policy, a factor which led directly to the outbreak of war. The system of alliances that existed before the respective wars can also be seen to show similarities, although there are some obvious differences in this factor as well. The alliances of the Bismarkian era were in fact a "system", a rigid series of complex and secret ... official agreements. It contributes to the emergence of Europe into two rival ... and increasingly hostile camps reducing much of the flexibility of the old balance of power, making it mu...

• Word Count: 2024
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... fight in the front lines against Hitler. The media started promoting that homosexuals were a minority that was being persecuted and there was anticipation of a civil rights movement for homosexuals. Allan Bérubé argues that even though homosexuals were willing to lie about their sexuality to ... " and "their presence in units would threaten morale and discipline" (2). Some psychiatrists would not want to ruin the life of homosexual's and would still let them join the military. If they would dismiss the homosexuals that were honest from serving, their draft paperwork ... had to deal wit...

• Word Count: 1395
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate