1. Rene DesCartes and John Stuart Mill
... was being somehow perceptually deceived, therefore he could not be absolutely certain that there was actually a bottle on a table in front of him. Using this type of Cartesian thought, DesCartes developed skepticism to many things that the average person takes as a granted part of reality, because he questioned whether the average person could really trust his perception. He surmised that ... from external sources then God must be a deceiver, but as he had already observed, this was absurd, as a perfect entity could not by nature be deceptive. From these premises DesCartes drew that mat...
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